Bioavailability of Thymol Incorporated into Gastro-Resistant Self-Emulsifying Pellets in Rabbits

Title (eng)
Bioavailability of Thymol Incorporated into Gastro-Resistant Self-Emulsifying Pellets in Rabbits
Author
Radoslava Kristofova
Department of Digestive Tract Physiology, Institute of Animal Physiology, Centre of Biosciences, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Soltesovej 4-6, 040 01 Kosice, Slovakia
Author
Karin Zitterl-Eglseer
Centre for Veterinary Systems Transformation and Sustainability, Clinical Department for Farm Animal and Food Systems Science, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
Author
Fardad Firooznia
Department of Biology, The City College of New York, 160 Convent Avenue, New York, NY 10031, USA
Author
Andrea Laukova
Department of Digestive Tract Physiology, Institute of Animal Physiology, Centre of Biosciences, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Soltesovej 4-6, 040 01 Kosice, Slovakia
Author
Lubica Chrastinova
Animal Production Research Centre, National Agricultural and Food Centre, Hlohovecka 2, 951 41 Nitra-Luzianky, Slovakia
Author
Monika Pogany Simonova
Department of Digestive Tract Physiology, Institute of Animal Physiology, Centre of Biosciences, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Soltesovej 4-6, 040 01 Kosice, Slovakia
Author
Margareta Takacsova
Department of Digestive Tract Physiology, Institute of Animal Physiology, Centre of Biosciences, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Soltesovej 4-6, 040 01 Kosice, Slovakia
Author
Kristina Bacova
Department of Digestive Tract Physiology, Institute of Animal Physiology, Centre of Biosciences, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Soltesovej 4-6, 040 01 Kosice, Slovakia
Author
Iveta Placha
Department of Digestive Tract Physiology, Institute of Animal Physiology, Centre of Biosciences, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Soltesovej 4-6, 040 01 Kosice, Slovakia
Abstract (eng)
Thymol gastro-resistant self-emulsifying pellets were used to achieve thymol targeted release on the side of the intestine with the most intensive absorption to enhance its oral bioavailability. Forty-eight rabbits (35 d of age) were divided into two groups fed with a standard diet containing gastro-resistant enteric pellets (control, CG; without thymol, initial live weight 1350.0 ± 18.0, and experimental, EG; with thymol 250 mg/kg, initial live weight 1352.0 ± 19.9 g). The experiment lasted 28 days: thymol was administered for 21 days and then withdrawn for 7 days. Thymol was significantly higher in duodenal wall (DW) than in plasma during both periods (p = 0.0053, p < 0.0001). Significant correlation was established between thymol concentration in plasma and DW during its application (rs = 0.9333, p < 0.001). Thymol was below the limit of quantitation in plasma, spleen and muscle only after its withdrawal, and its significantly higher concentration in kidney and fat than in plasma (p = 0.0182, p = 0.0003) and muscle (p = 0.0236, p = 0.0004) indicates its efficient accumulation. Thymol in gastro-resistant form prevented its degradation due to adverse conditions in the stomach and ensured its release at the site of greatest absorption in the small intestine.
Keywords (eng)
ThymolSelf-emulsifying PelletsOral BioavailabilityRabbitsMetabolism
Type (eng)
journal article
Language
[eng]
Persistent identifier
https://phaidra.vetmeduni.ac.at/o:5065
DOI
10.3390/ani15223238
Is in series
Title (eng)
Animals
Volume
15
Issue
22
ISSN
2076-2615
Issued
2025
Number of pages
14
Publication
MDPI
Version type (eng)
version of record (published version)
Date issued
2025
Access rights (eng)
open access
License
CC BY 4.0 International
Rights statement (eng)
© 2025 by the authors.