Widespread horse-based mobility arose around 2200 Bce in Eurasia

Pablo Librado; Gaetan Tressieres; Lorelei Chauvey; Antoine Fages; Naveed Khan; Stephanie Schiavinato; L. Calviere-Tonasso; Mariya Kusliy; Charleen Gaunitz; Xuexue Liu; Stefanie Wagner; Clio Der Sarkissian; Andaine Seguin-Orlando; Aude Perdereau; Jean-Marc Aury; John Southon; B. Shapiro; Olivier Bouchez; Cecile Donnadieu; Y. Collin; Kristian Murphy Gregersen; Mads Dengso Jessen; Kirsten Christensen; Lone Claudi-Hansen; Melanie Pruvost; Erich Pucher; Hrvoje Vulic; Mario Novak; Andrea Rimpf; Peter Turk; Simone B. C. F. Reiter; Gottfired Brem; Christoph Schwall; Eric Barrey; Celine Robert; Christophe Degueurce; Liora Kolska Horwitz; Lutz Klassen; Uffe Rasmussen; Jacob Kveiborg; Niels N. Johannsen; Daniel Makowiecki; Przemyslaw Makarowicz; Marcin Szeliga; Vasyl Ilchyshyn; V. Rud; Jan Romaniszyn; Victoria E. Mullin; Marta Verdugo; Daniel Bradley; Joao Luis Cardoso; Maria Valente; Miguel Telles Antunes; Carly Ameen; Richard Thomas; Arne Ludwig; Matilde Marzullo; Ornella Prato; Giovanna Bagnasco; Umberto Tecchiati; J. Granado.; Angela Schlumbaum; Sabine Deschler-Erb; Monika Schernig Mraz,; Nicolas Boulbes; Armelle Gardeisen; Christian Mayer; Hans-Juergen Doehle; Magdolna Vicze; Pavel Kosintsev; Rene Kysely; Lubomir Peske; Terry O'Connor; Elina Ananyevskaya; Shevnina Irina; Andrey Logvin; Alexey A. Kovalev; Tumur-Ochir Iderkhangai; Sablin Mikhail; Dashkovskiy Petr; Alexander Graphodatsky; Ilja Merts; Viktor Merts; Aleksei Kasparov; Vladimir Pitulko; Vedat Onar; Aliye Oztan; Benjamin Arbuckle; Hugh McColl; Gabriel Renaud; Ruslan Khaskhanov; Demidenko Sergej; Anna Kadieva; Biyaslan Atabiev; M. Sundqvist; Gabriella Lindgren; Francisco López-Cachero; Silvia Albizuri; Tajana Trbojevic Vukicevic; Anita Rapan Papesa; Marcel Buric; Petra Rajic Sikanjic; J. Weinstock; David Asensio Vilaro; Ferran Codina; Cristina Garcia Dalmau; Jordi Morer de Llorens; J. Pou; Gabriel De Prado; Joan Sanmartí; Nabil Kallala; Joan Ramon Torres; Boutheina Maraoui-Telmini; Maria Carmen Casamayor Franco; Silvia Valenzuela-Lamas; Antoine Zazzo; Sebastien Lepetz; Sylvie Duchesne; Anatoly Alexeev; Jamsranjav Bayarsaikhan; Jean-Luc Houle; Noost Bayarkhuu; Turbat Tsagaan; Eric Crubezy; Irina Shingiray; Marjan Mashkour; Natalia Berezina; Dmitriy S. Korobov; Andrey Belinskiy; Andrey Belinskiy; Jean-Paul Demoule; Sabine Reinhold; S. Hansen; Barbara Wallner; Наталья Рослякова; Pavel Kuznetsov; Alexey Tishkin; Patrick Wincker; Katherine Kanne; Alan Outram; Ludovic Orlando

doi:10.1038/s41586-024-07597-5

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Title (eng)

Widespread horse-based mobility arose around 2200 Bce in Eurasia

Author

Pablo Librado

Gaetan Tressieres

Lorelei Chauvey

Antoine Fages

Naveed Khan

Stephanie Schiavinato

L. Calviere-Tonasso

Mariya Kusliy

Charleen Gaunitz

Xuexue Liu

Stefanie Wagner

Clio Der Sarkissian

Andaine Seguin-Orlando

Aude Perdereau

Jean-Marc Aury

John Southon

B. Shapiro

Olivier Bouchez

Cecile Donnadieu

Y. Collin

Kristian Murphy Gregersen

Mads Dengso Jessen

Kirsten Christensen

Lone Claudi-Hansen

Melanie Pruvost

Erich Pucher

Hrvoje Vulic

Mario Novak

Andrea Rimpf

Peter Turk

Simone B. C. F. Reiter

University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna

Gottfired Brem

University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna

Christoph Schwall

Eric Barrey

Celine Robert

Christophe Degueurce

Liora Kolska Horwitz

Lutz Klassen

Uffe Rasmussen

Jacob Kveiborg

Niels N. Johannsen

Daniel Makowiecki

Przemyslaw Makarowicz

Marcin Szeliga

Vasyl Ilchyshyn

V. Rud

Jan Romaniszyn

Victoria E. Mullin

Marta Verdugo

Daniel Bradley

Joao Luis Cardoso

Maria Valente

Miguel Telles Antunes

Carly Ameen

Richard Thomas

Arne Ludwig

Matilde Marzullo

Ornella Prato

Giovanna Bagnasco

Umberto Tecchiati

J. Granado.

Angela Schlumbaum

Sabine Deschler-Erb

Monika Schernig Mraz,

Nicolas Boulbes

Armelle Gardeisen

Christian Mayer

Hans-Juergen Doehle

Magdolna Vicze

Pavel Kosintsev

Rene Kysely

Lubomir Peske

Terry O'Connor

Elina Ananyevskaya

Shevnina Irina

Andrey Logvin

Alexey A. Kovalev

Tumur-Ochir Iderkhangai

Sablin Mikhail

Dashkovskiy Petr

Alexander Graphodatsky

Ilja Merts

Viktor Merts

Aleksei Kasparov

Vladimir Pitulko

Vedat Onar

Aliye Oztan

Benjamin Arbuckle

Hugh McColl

Gabriel Renaud

Ruslan Khaskhanov

Demidenko Sergej

Anna Kadieva

Biyaslan Atabiev

M. Sundqvist

Gabriella Lindgren

Francisco López-Cachero

Silvia Albizuri

Tajana Trbojevic Vukicevic

Anita Rapan Papesa

Marcel Buric

Petra Rajic Sikanjic

J. Weinstock

David Asensio Vilaro

Ferran Codina

Cristina Garcia Dalmau

Jordi Morer de Llorens

J. Pou

Gabriel De Prado

Joan Sanmartí

Nabil Kallala

Joan Ramon Torres

Boutheina Maraoui-Telmini

Maria Carmen Casamayor Franco

Silvia Valenzuela-Lamas

Antoine Zazzo

Sebastien Lepetz

Sylvie Duchesne

Anatoly Alexeev

Jamsranjav Bayarsaikhan

Jean-Luc Houle

Noost Bayarkhuu

Turbat Tsagaan

Eric Crubezy

Irina Shingiray

Marjan Mashkour

Natalia Berezina

Dmitriy S. Korobov

Andrey Belinskiy

Jean-Paul Demoule

Sabine Reinhold

S. Hansen

Barbara Wallner

University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna

Наталья Рослякова

Pavel Kuznetsov

Alexey Tishkin

Patrick Wincker

Katherine Kanne

Alan Outram

Ludovic Orlando

Abstract (eng)

Horses revolutionized human history with fast mobility. However, the timeline between their domestication and their widespread integration as a means of transport remains contentious. Here we assemble a collection of 475 ancient horse genomes to assess the period when these animals were first reshaped by human agency in Eurasia. We find that reproductive control of the modern domestic lineage emerged around 2200 bce, through close-kin mating and shortened generation times. Reproductive control emerged following a severe domestication bottleneck starting no earlier than approximately 2700 bce, and coincided with a sudden expansion across Eurasia that ultimately resulted in the replacement of nearly every local horse lineage. This expansion marked the rise of widespread horse-based mobility in human history, which refutes the commonly held narrative of large horse herds accompanying the massive migration of steppe peoples across Europe around 3000 bce and earlier. Finally, we detect significantly shortened generation times at Botai around 3500 bce, a settlement from central Asia associated with corrals and a subsistence economy centred on horses. This supports local horse husbandry before the rise of modern domestic bloodlines.

Keywords (eng)

ArchaeologyEvolutionary GeneticsPopulation Genetics

Type (eng)

journal article

Language

[eng]

Persistent identifier

https://phaidra.vetmeduni.ac.at/o:4445

DOI

10.1038/s41586-024-07597-5

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Title (eng)