https://phaidra.vetmeduni.ac.at/o:4445 Widespread horse-based mobility arose around 2200 Bce in Eurasia Librado, Pablo Pablo Librado Tressieres, Gaetan Gaetan Tressieres Chauvey, Lorelei Lorelei Chauvey Fages, Antoine Antoine Fages Khan, Naveed Naveed Khan Schiavinato, Stephanie Stephanie Schiavinato Calviere-Tonasso, L. L. Calviere-Tonasso Kusliy, Mariya Mariya Kusliy Gaunitz, Charleen Charleen Gaunitz Liu, Xuexue Xuexue Liu Wagner, Stefanie Stefanie Wagner Sarkissian, Clio Der Clio Der Sarkissian Seguin-Orlando, Andaine Andaine Seguin-Orlando Perdereau, Aude Aude Perdereau Aury, Jean-Marc Jean-Marc Aury Southon, John John Southon Shapiro, B. B. Shapiro Bouchez, Olivier Olivier Bouchez Donnadieu, Cecile Cecile Donnadieu Collin, Y. Y. Collin Gregersen, Kristian Murphy Kristian Murphy Gregersen Jessen, Mads Dengso Mads Dengso Jessen Christensen, Kirsten Kirsten Christensen Claudi-Hansen, Lone Lone Claudi-Hansen Pruvost, Melanie Melanie Pruvost Pucher, Erich Erich Pucher Vulic, Hrvoje Hrvoje Vulic Novak, Mario Mario Novak Rimpf, Andrea Andrea Rimpf Turk, Peter Peter Turk Reiter, Simone B. C. F. Simone B. C. F. Reiter University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna Brem, Gottfired Gottfired Brem University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna Schwall, Christoph Christoph Schwall Barrey, Eric Eric Barrey Robert, Celine Celine Robert Degueurce, Christophe Christophe Degueurce Horwitz, Liora Kolska Liora Kolska Horwitz Klassen, Lutz Lutz Klassen Rasmussen, Uffe Uffe Rasmussen Kveiborg, Jacob Jacob Kveiborg Johannsen, Niels N. Niels N. Johannsen Makowiecki, Daniel Daniel Makowiecki Makarowicz, Przemyslaw Przemyslaw Makarowicz Szeliga, Marcin Marcin Szeliga Ilchyshyn, Vasyl Vasyl Ilchyshyn Rud, V. V. Rud Romaniszyn, Jan Jan Romaniszyn Mullin, Victoria E. Victoria E. Mullin Verdugo, Marta Marta Verdugo Bradley, Daniel Daniel Bradley Cardoso, Joao Luis Joao Luis Cardoso Valente, Maria Maria Valente Antunes, Miguel Telles Miguel Telles Antunes Ameen, Carly Carly Ameen Thomas, Richard Richard Thomas Ludwig, Arne Arne Ludwig Marzullo, Matilde Matilde Marzullo Prato, Ornella Ornella Prato Bagnasco, Giovanna Giovanna Bagnasco Tecchiati, Umberto Umberto Tecchiati Granado., J. J. Granado. Schlumbaum, Angela Angela Schlumbaum Deschler-Erb, Sabine Sabine Deschler-Erb Mraz,, Monika Schernig Monika Schernig Mraz, Boulbes, Nicolas Nicolas Boulbes Gardeisen, Armelle Armelle Gardeisen Mayer, Christian Christian Mayer Doehle, Hans-Juergen Hans-Juergen Doehle Vicze, Magdolna Magdolna Vicze Kosintsev, Pavel Pavel Kosintsev Kysely, Rene Rene Kysely Peske, Lubomir Lubomir Peske O'Connor, Terry Terry O'Connor Ananyevskaya, Elina Elina Ananyevskaya Irina, Shevnina Shevnina Irina Logvin, Andrey Andrey Logvin Kovalev, Alexey A. Alexey A. Kovalev Iderkhangai, Tumur-Ochir Tumur-Ochir Iderkhangai Mikhail, Sablin Sablin Mikhail Petr, Dashkovskiy Dashkovskiy Petr Graphodatsky, Alexander Alexander Graphodatsky Merts, Ilja Ilja Merts Merts, Viktor Viktor Merts Kasparov, Aleksei Aleksei Kasparov Pitulko, Vladimir Vladimir Pitulko Onar, Vedat Vedat Onar Oztan, Aliye Aliye Oztan Arbuckle, Benjamin Benjamin Arbuckle McColl, Hugh Hugh McColl Renaud, Gabriel Gabriel Renaud Khaskhanov, Ruslan Ruslan Khaskhanov Sergej, Demidenko Demidenko Sergej Kadieva, Anna Anna Kadieva Atabiev, Biyaslan Biyaslan Atabiev Sundqvist, M. M. Sundqvist Lindgren, Gabriella Gabriella Lindgren López-Cachero, Francisco Francisco López-Cachero Albizuri, Silvia Silvia Albizuri Vukicevic, Tajana Trbojevic Tajana Trbojevic Vukicevic Papesa, Anita Rapan Anita Rapan Papesa Buric, Marcel Marcel Buric Sikanjic, Petra Rajic Petra Rajic Sikanjic Weinstock, J. J. Weinstock Vilaro, David Asensio David Asensio Vilaro Codina, Ferran Ferran Codina Dalmau, Cristina Garcia Cristina Garcia Dalmau de Llorens, Jordi Morer Jordi Morer de Llorens Pou, J. J. Pou De Prado, Gabriel Gabriel De Prado Sanmartí, Joan Joan Sanmartí Kallala, Nabil Nabil Kallala Torres, Joan Ramon Joan Ramon Torres Maraoui-Telmini, Boutheina Boutheina Maraoui-Telmini Franco, Maria Carmen Casamayor Maria Carmen Casamayor Franco Valenzuela-Lamas, Silvia Silvia Valenzuela-Lamas Zazzo, Antoine Antoine Zazzo Lepetz, Sebastien Sebastien Lepetz Duchesne, Sylvie Sylvie Duchesne Alexeev, Anatoly Anatoly Alexeev Bayarsaikhan, Jamsranjav Jamsranjav Bayarsaikhan Houle, Jean-Luc Jean-Luc Houle Bayarkhuu, Noost Noost Bayarkhuu Tsagaan, Turbat Turbat Tsagaan Crubezy, Eric Eric Crubezy Shingiray, Irina Irina Shingiray Mashkour, Marjan Marjan Mashkour Berezina, Natalia Natalia Berezina Korobov, Dmitriy S. Dmitriy S. Korobov Belinskiy, Andrey Andrey Belinskiy Belinskiy, Andrey Andrey Belinskiy Demoule, Jean-Paul Jean-Paul Demoule Reinhold, Sabine Sabine Reinhold Hansen, S. S. Hansen Wallner, Barbara Barbara Wallner 0000-0003-4159-0695 University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna Рослякова, Наталья Наталья Рослякова Kuznetsov, Pavel Pavel Kuznetsov Tishkin, Alexey Alexey Tishkin Wincker, Patrick Patrick Wincker Kanne, Katherine Katherine Kanne Outram, Alan Alan Outram Orlando, Ludovic Ludovic Orlando Nature Publishing Group journal article open access eng Horses revolutionized human history with fast mobility. However, the timeline between their domestication and their widespread integration as a means of transport remains contentious. Here we assemble a collection of 475 ancient horse genomes to assess the period when these animals were first reshaped by human agency in Eurasia. We find that reproductive control of the modern domestic lineage emerged around 2200 bce, through close-kin mating and shortened generation times. Reproductive control emerged following a severe domestication bottleneck starting no earlier than approximately 2700 bce, and coincided with a sudden expansion across Eurasia that ultimately resulted in the replacement of nearly every local horse lineage. This expansion marked the rise of widespread horse-based mobility in human history, which refutes the commonly held narrative of large horse herds accompanying the massive migration of steppe peoples across Europe around 3000 bce and earlier. Finally, we detect significantly shortened generation times at Botai around 3500 bce, a settlement from central Asia associated with corrals and a subsistence economy centred on horses. This supports local horse husbandry before the rise of modern domestic bloodlines. Archaeology Evolutionary Genetics Population Genetics http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ https://phaidra.vetmeduni.ac.at/api/object/o:4445/download 10.1038/s41586-024-07597-5 https://phaidra.vetmeduni.ac.at/o:605 application/pdf Nature issn:1476-4687 VoR Nature 631 8022 17.02 MB 2024