Annual (2024) taxonomic update of RNA-directed RNA polymerase-encoding negative-sense RNA viruses (realm Riboviria: kingdom Orthornavirae: phylum Negarnaviricota)

Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick (IRF-Frederick), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, USA

U.S. Horticultural Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Fort Pierce, FL, USA

D.I. Ivanovsky Institute of Virology of N.F. Gamaleya National Center on Epidemiology and Microbiology of Ministry of Health of Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

Liaoning Key Laboratory of Urban Integrated Pest Management and Ecological Security, College of Life Science and Engineering, Shenyang University, Dadong, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China

Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia

Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Madrid, Spain

Department of Biotechnology and Systems Biology, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia

Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA

Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Greifswald, Germany

Department of Biological Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Starkville, MS, USA

Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany

UFyMA, INTA-CONICET, Córdoba, Argentina

Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA

Institute of Virology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany

Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA

Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Geelong, VIC, Australia

University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA

Center for Infection and Immunity and Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA

Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK

Laboratory of Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health Safety (ANSES), Ploufragan, France

RNA Viruses Section, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA

Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA

The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, USA

Division of Virology, National Health Laboratory Service and Division of Virology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa

Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA

Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany

National Citrus Engineering and Technology Research Center, Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, PR China

Respiratory Virus and Influenza Unit, National Microbiology Center, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain

Departamento de Fitopatologia e Nematologia, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz (ESALQ), Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil

Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA

Unite des Virus Emergents (Aix-Marseille Univ, Universita di Corsica, IRD 190, Inserm 1207, IRBA), Marseille, France

Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick (IRF-Frederick), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, USA

Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Brussels, Belgium

CIDEFI, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales, Universidad de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina

Department of Immunology and Microbiology IMM-6, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA

Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA

Department of Virology, Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Lelystad, Netherlands

Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Unidad de Fitopatología y Modelización Agrícola, Córdoba, Argentina

Pathogen Discovery Laboratory, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France

U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, USA

Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Bari, Italy

Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia

CIHEAM, Istituto Agronomico Mediterraneo di Bari, Valenzano, Italy

Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany

School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA

Robert Koch Institut, Berlin, Germany

School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK

CIHEAM, Istituto Agronomico Mediterraneo di Bari, Valenzano, Italy

Department of Entomology, Smithsonian Institution–National Museum of Natural History (NMNH), Washington, DC, USA

Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany

China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, PR China

Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK

Animal and Plant Health Agency, Weybridge, Surrey, UK

World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland

Embrapa Cassava and Fruits, Cruz das Almas, Bahia, Brazil

Institute of Molecular Virology and Cell Biology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany

Laboratory and Research Division, Finnish Food Authority, Helsinki, Finland

Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle/Saale, Germany

Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, CONICET UNLP, La Plata, Argentina

Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA

U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, USA

Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA

Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Division of Biomedical Graduate Research Organization, School of Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA

Institute of Vertebrate Biology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czechia

Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bond Life Sciences Center, Laboratory for Infectious Disease Research, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA

Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany

University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium

Department of Biotechnology and Systems Biology, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia

Department of Virology, WHO Collaborating Centre for Arboviruses and Hemorrhagic Fever Reference and Research, Bernhard-Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany

Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD, USA

Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland

International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Osaka Metropolitan University, Izumisano, Osaka, Japan

Department of Virology, Immunology and Microbiology, Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA

School of Veterinary Medicine, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia

Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany

State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, PR China

Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany

Biomedical Research Center, Institute of Virology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia

Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden

Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Japan

Computational Biology Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA

Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR6047, Archaeal Virology Unit, Paris, France

Institute for Plant Protection, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan

Western Fisheries Research Center, U.S. Geological Survey, Seattle, WA, USA

Department of Biotechnology and Systems Biology, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia

Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, CO, USA

Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA

Liaoning Key Laboratory of Urban Integrated Pest Management and Ecological Security, College of Life Science and Engineering, Shenyang University, Dadong, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China

Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA

State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, PR China

Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, and the Center for Predictive Medicine for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA

Zoonotic Infectious Diseases Unit, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium

FIND, Geneva, Switzerland

Instituto de Biología-Laboratorio de Genética Molecular-Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Campus Curauma, Valparaíso, Chile

Agricultural Research Service, U. S. Department of Agriculture, Toledo, OH, USA

Worldwide Influenza Centre, Francis Crick Institute, London, UK

School for Viticulture and Enology, University of Nova Gorica, Vipava, Slovenia

Folkhalsomyndigheten, Stockholm, Sweden

Japan Plant Protection Association, Tokyo, Japan

Department of Virology, Immunology and Microbiology, Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA

Institute of Molecular Virology and Cell Biology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany

Department of Plant Pathology, Irrigated Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Washington State University, Prosser, WA, USA

Utsunomiya University, Utsunomiya, Japan

Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Bari, Italy

Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Universitat Politècnica de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Valencia, Spain

School of Agriculture, Utsunomiya University, Utsunomiya, Japan

Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Bari, Italy

Department of Pathobiological Sciences, Influenza Research Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, USA

Laboratory and Research Division, Finnish Food Authority, Helsinki, Finland

College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai Health, Dubai, UAE

Laboratory of Molecular Biotechnology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará State, Belem, Pará, Brazil

Institute for Biosecurity and Microbial Forensics, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA

Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA

Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas-Universitat Politècnica de Valencia, Valencia, Spain

National Reference Centre for Arboviruses and Haemorrhagic Fever Viruses, Department of Microbiology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece

Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany

College of Veterinary Medicine, Baker Institute for Animal Health, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA

Departamento de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil

Department of Biotechnology and Systems Biology, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia

Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA

Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany

Center for Translational Antiviral Research, Georgia State University Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Atlanta, GA, USA

Vaccine Design and Development Laboratory, International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, Jersey City, NJ, USA

Division of Antivirals, Office of Infectious Diseases, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA

Instituto Biológico de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

Department of Biotechnology and Systems Biology, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia

Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil

Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary

Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular, CONICET-UNLP, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina

College of Agriculture and Agri-Industries, Caraga State University, Butuan City, Philippines

Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular, CONICET-UNLP, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina

Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany

Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Bari, Italy

Department of Infectious Disease & Global Health, Tufts University Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, North Grafton, MA, USA

Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM)—Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA/CSIC), Campus de Montegancedo, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain

Department of Agricultural Science and Plant Protection, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA

Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA

Strategic Planning Headquarters, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Japan

Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick (IRF-Frederick), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, USA

Institute for Fish and Wildlife Health, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland

Faculty of Medicine, University Medical Center-University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany

Department of Biotechnology and Systems Biology, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia

University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland

Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, PR China

Kochi Agricultural Research Center, Nankoku, Kochi, Japan

Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK

School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy

Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK

CBR Division, Dstl Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire, UK

Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea

School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia

Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA

Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA

Division of Global Epidemiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan

Kochi Agricultural Research Center, Nankoku, Japan

Laboratory and Research Division, Finnish Food Authority, Helsinki, Finland

The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, USA

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA

Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Centro Ciencia & Vida, Fundación Ciencia & Vida and Escuela de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile

Institute for Plant Protection, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Japan

Institute for Life and Medical Sciences (LiMe), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan

Institut Pasteur de Guinée, Conakry, Guinea

Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council of Italy (IPSP-CNR), Torino, Italy

Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Division of Agriculture, University of Arkansas System, Fayetteville, AR, USA

Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council of Italy (IPSP-CNR), Torino, Italy

Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands

VirusBank Platform, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium

The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, USA

Biointeractions and Plant Health, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands

Division Phytomedicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany

Department of Biotechnology and Systems Biology, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia

Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick (IRF-Frederick), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, USA

National Biodefense Analysis and Countermeasures Center, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, USA

School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia

Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China

Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA

School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA

Computational Biology Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA

Yokohama Plant Protection Station, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan

Liaoning Key Laboratory of Urban Integrated Pest Management and Ecological Security, College of Life Science and Engineering, Shenyang University, Dadong, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China

Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China

Liaoning Key Laboratory of Urban Integrated Pest Management and Ecological Security, College of Life Science and Engineering, Shenyang University, Dadong, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China

Department de Fitopatologia/BIOAGRO, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil

National Citrus Engineering and Technology Research Center, Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, PR China

Pharmaq Analytiq, Bergen, Norway

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, CO, USA