Title
Pathophysiology of non-motor signs in Parkinson’s disease: some recent updating with brief presentation
Language
English
Description (en)
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder affecting 1% of the population above sixty years. It is caused by an interaction between genetic and environmental risk factors. Loss of dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) is pathologically characterizing the disease and responsible for the cardinal motor symptoms, most notably, bradykinesia, rest tremors, rigidity, and loss of postural reflexes. Non-motor signs such as olfactory deficits, cognitive impairment, sleep behavior disorders, and gastrointestinal disturbances are reflecting disturbances in the non-dopaminergic system. They precede dopaminergic neuronal degenerations by 5–10 years and are considered the main contributors to patients’ disability, particularly after the successful implementation of levodopa (L-dopa) treatment of motor symptoms. The present general review aimed to briefly update non-motor signs and their underlying pathophysiology in PD.
Keywords (en)
Parkinson’s disease; non-motor signs; olfactory; depression; sleep disorders; constipation
DOI
10.37349/ent.2023.00036
Author of the digital object
Khaled  Radad  (Assiut University)
Wolf-Dieter  Rausch  (University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna)
Barbara  Kranner  (University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna)
Rudolf  Moldzio  (University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna)
Christopher  Krewenka  (University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna)
Format
application/pdf
Size
798.7 kB
Licence Selected
CC BY 4.0 International
Type of publication
Article
Name of Publication (en)
Exploration of Neuroprotective Therapy
Pages or Volume
23
Volume
3
From Page
24
To Page
46
Publisher
Open Exploration Publishing
Publication Date
2023
Content
Details
Object type
PDFDocument
Format
application/pdf
Created
10.10.2024 08:23:00
This object is in collection
Metadata
University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna (Vetmeduni Vienna) | Veterinärplatz 1 | A-1210 Vienna | Austria | T +43 1 25077-0