Ancient RNA expression profiles from the extinct woolly mammoth

Title (eng)
Ancient RNA expression profiles from the extinct woolly mammoth
Author
Emilio Mármol-Sánchez
Author
Bastian Fromm
Author
Nikolay Oskolkov
Author
Zoé Pochon
Author
Marianne Dehasque
Author
Morteza Aslanzadeh
Author
Katherine Brown
Author
Tom van der Valk
Author
Panagiotis Kalogeropoulos
Author
J. Camilo Chacón-Duque
Author
Inna Biryukova
Author
Peter D. Heintzman
Author
Cecilia Furugård
Author
Valeri Plotnikov
Author
Albert Protopopov
Author
Björn Andersson
Author
Erik Ersmark
Author
Kevin J. Peterson
Author
Marc R. Friedländer
Author
Love Dalén
Abstract (eng)
Ancient DNA has revolutionized the study of extinct and extant organisms that lived up to 2 million years ago, enabling the reconstruction of genomes from multiple extinct species, as well as the ecosystems where they once thrived. However, current DNA sequencing techniques alone cannot directly provide insights into tissue identity, gene expression dynamics, or transcriptional regulation, as these are encoded in the RNA fraction. Here, we report transcriptional profiles from 10 Late Pleistocene woolly mammoths. One of these, dated to be ∼39,000 years old, yielded sufficient detail to recover tissue-specific regulatory mechanisms and biological functions essential for skeletal muscle metabolism, representing the oldest ancient RNA sequences recorded to date. We showcase the potential to study ancient RNA molecules beyond preconceived limitations, providing an analytical framework for validating and decoding preserved transcriptomes through time. With our findings, we anticipate the emergence of integrative paleo-studies combining genomics, proteomics, and transcriptomics.
Keywords (eng)
Ancient RNAMammuthus PrimigeniusWoolly mammothAncient DNAPaleogenomicsGenesmicroRNAsPleistocene
Type (eng)
Language
[eng]
Is in series
Title (eng)
Cell
Volume
189
Issue
1
ISSN
0092-8674
Issued
2026
Number of pages
41
Publication
Elsevier
Date issued
2026
Access rights (eng)
Rights statement (eng)
© 2025 The Author(s)