Unraveling the distinctive gut microbiome of khulans (Equus hemionus hemionus) in comparison to their drinking water and closely related equids

Víctor Hugo Jarquín-Díaz; Anisha Dayaram; Eirini S Soilemetzidou; Amelie Desvars-Larrive; Julia Bohner; Bayarbaatar Buuveibaatar; Petra Kaczensky; Chris Walzer; Alex D. Greenwood; Ulrike Löber

doi:10.1038/s41598-025-87216-z

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Title (eng)

Unraveling the distinctive gut microbiome of khulans (Equus hemionus hemionus) in comparison to their drinking water and closely related equids

Author

Víctor Hugo Jarquín-Díaz

Anisha Dayaram

Eirini S Soilemetzidou

Amelie Desvars-Larrive

University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna

Julia Bohner

Bayarbaatar Buuveibaatar

Petra Kaczensky

University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna

Chris Walzer

University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna

Alex D. Greenwood

Ulrike Löber

Abstract (eng)

The microbial composition of host-associated microbiomes is influenced by co-evolutionary interactions, host genetics, domestication, and the environment. This study investigates the contribution of environmental microbiota from freshwater bodies to the gastrointestinal microbiomes of wild khulans (Equus hemionus hemionus, n?=?21) and compares them with those of captive khulans (n?=?12) and other equids-Przewalski's horse (n?=?82) and domestic horse (n?=?26). Using PacBio technology and the LotuS pipeline for 16S rRNA gene sequencing, we analyze microbial diversity and conduct differential abundance, alpha, and beta diversity analyses. Results indicate limited microbial sharing between wild khulans and their waterhole environments, suggesting minimal environmental influence on their gut microbiomes and low levels of water contamination by khulans. Wild khulans exhibit greater microbial diversity and richness compared to captive ones, likely due to adaptations to the harsh nutritional conditions of the Gobi desert. Conversely, captive khulans show reduced microbial diversity, potentially affected by dietary changes during captivity. These findings highlight the significant impact of environment and lifestyle on the gut microbiomes of equids.

Keywords (eng)

AnimalsGastrointestinal MicrobiomeEquidae MicrobiologyRNA, Ribosomal, 16S GeneticsHorses MicrobiologyDrinking Water MicrobiologyBacteria ClassificationBacteria GeneticsBacteria Isolation & PurificationBiodiversityPhylogeny

Type (eng)

journal article

Language

[eng]

Persistent identifier

https://phaidra.vetmeduni.ac.at/o:3898

DOI

10.1038/s41598-025-87216-z

Is in series

Title (eng)

Scientific Reports

Volume