Cryptosporidium parvum infection alters the intestinal mucosa transcriptome in neonatal calves: implications for immune function
Arash Veshkini Institute of Nutritional Physiology "Oskar Kellner"
Harald M. Hammon Institute of Nutritional Physiology "Oskar Kellner"
Christa Kühn University Rostock
Cora Delling Leipzig University
Reiner Ulrich Leipzig University
Christiane Helm Leipzig University
Wendy Liermann Institute of Nutritional Physiology "Oskar Kellner"
University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna
Lisa Bachmann Institute of Nutritional Physiology "Oskar Kellner" / University of Applied Science Neubrandenburg
Frontiers Media Sa
One of the leading causes of infectious diarrhea in newborn calves is the apicomplexan protozoan Cryptosporidium parvum (C. parvum). However, little is known about its immunopathogenesis. Using next generation sequencing, this study investigated the immune transcriptional response to C. parvum infection in neonatal calves. Neonatal male Holstein-Friesian calves were either orally infected (N = 5) or not (CTRL group, N = 5) with C. parvum oocysts (gp60 subtype IIaA15G2R1) at day 1 of life and slaughtered on day 7 after infection. Total RNA was extracted from the jejunal mucosa for short read. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between infected and CTRL groups were assessed using DESeq2 at a false discovery rate < 0.05. Infection did not affect plasma immunohematological parameters, including neutrophil, lymphocyte, monocyte, leucocyte, thrombocyte, and erythrocyte counts as well as hematocrit and hemoglobin concentration on day 7 post infection. The immune-related DEGs were selected according to the UniProt immune system process database and were used for gene ontology (GO) and pathway enrichment analysis using Cytoscape (v3.9.1). Based on GO analysis, DEGs annotated to mucosal immunity, recognizing and presenting antigens, chemotaxis of neutrophils, eosinophils, natural killer cells, B and T cells mediated by signaling pathways including toll like receptors, interleukins, tumor necrosis factor, T cell receptor, and NF-KB were upregulated, while markers of macrophages chemotaxis and cytosolic pattern recognition were downregulated. This study provides a holistic snapshot of immune-related pathways induced by C. parvum in calves, including novel and detailed feedback and feedforward regulatory mechanisms establishing the crosstalk between innate and adaptive immune response in neonate calves, which could be utilized further to develop new therapeutic strategies.
Englisch
2024
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CC BY 4.0 - Creative Commons Namensnennung 4.0 International Lizenz.
CC BY 4.0 International
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Natural-Killer-Cells; Nf-Kappa-B; Epithelial-Cells; T-Bet; Responses; Recognition; Prevalence; Activation; Innate