Title (eng)
Case Report: α1-antitrypsin deficiency causing persistent pleural effusion and multilobar alveolar emphysema in a young dog
Author
Pavlos G. Doulidis
Author
Carolina Frizzo-Ramos
Author
Christof A. Bertram
Author
Olivia M. Grünzweil
Author
Sibylle M. Kneissl
Author
Brigitte Degasperi
Author
Reinhard A. Hirt
Author
Iwan A. Burgener
Author
Nicole Luckschander-Zeller
Abstract (eng)
Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (A1ATD) is a rare genetic condition in both humans and animals, caused by mutations in the SERPINA1 gene that lead to reduced or absent production of alpha-1 antitrypsin (A1AT). This case report describes a 3-year-old male dog presenting with persistent pleural effusion, chronic nonproductive cough, and respiratory distress. Despite an extensive diagnostic evaluation that included computed tomography (CT), a definitive diagnosis of A1ATD was only reached after a histopathological examination of lung tissue, which revealed acinar emphysema characterized by the destruction of alveolar walls. Serum A1AT levels were undetectable, confirming the diagnosis. The absence of liver involvement aligned with the lung-predominant phenotype described in human A1ATD. This is the first reported case of A1ATD-associated emphysema and pleural effusion in a dog, emphasizing the need for further research into its pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management in canine patients.
Keywords (eng)
EmphysemaPulmonaryPleural EffusionCanineAlpha-1 Antitrypsin (AAT)Histopathology
Type (eng)
journal article
Language
[eng]
Persistent identifier
https://phaidra.vetmeduni.ac.at/o:4641
DOI
10.3389/fvets.2025.1678702
Is in series
Title (eng)
Frontiers in Veterinary Science
Volume
12
ISSN
2297-1769
Issued
2025
Number of pages
6
Publication
Frontiers Media Sa
Version type (eng)
version of record (published version)
Date issued
2025
Access rights (eng)
open access
License
CC BY 4.0 International
Rights statement (eng)
Copyright © 2025 Doulidis, Frizzo-Ramos, Bertram, Grünzweil, Kneissl, Degasperi, Hirt, Burgener and Luckschander-Zeller