Title (en)
Canine hepatobiliary diseases
Subtitle (en)
diagnostics and diagnoses
Language
English
Description (en)
Diploma thesis - University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna - 2020
Description (de)
Diplomarbeit - Veterinärmedizinische Universität Wien - 2020
Description (en)
Hepatobiliary diseases are commonly encountered in dogs and can be divided into four primary groups: parenchymal, biliary, vascular, or neoplastic diseases. They are among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in dogs (Assawarachan et al. 2019). However, the clinical signs are usually too unspecific to determine the individual disorder, and the dogs remain subclinical for a very long period of time (Poldervaart et al. 2009, Eman et al. 2018). The definitive diagnosis depends on the interplay and interpretation of many different examination methods (Rothuizen 2006). In a period of eight years, 254 dogs were subjected to FNA and further diagnostic methods due to hepatobiliary diseases at the Small Animal Clinic of the University of Veterinary Medicine in Vienna, Austria. The data sets of these dogs were retrospectively examined to determine the frequency of different types of canine hepatopathies regarding the four subgroups (parenchymal, biliary, vascular, neoplastic) as well as secondary hepatopathy and to analyse the usefulness of the different diagnostic tools. The mean age of the dogs was >9 years in all subgroups, besides vascular, where dogs were on average seven years younger. Spayed females and crossbreeds were overrepresented. Golden Retrievers were the most prominent breed in the neoplastic group and Labrador Retrievers in the parenchymal group. Most dogs suffered from parenchymal liver diseases (147/254). Hepatic cell degeneration (70/254) was the most commonly diagnosed change and acute hepatitis (53/254) the most frequently observed disorder. Within our group of patients chronic hepatitis was not a common disease. Furthermore, biliary disorders and vascular changes were barely seen – most likely due to the inclusion criteria of FNA. The neoplastic group was the second largest cohort of this study. 28/79 dogs suffered from epithelial tumours. However, the most common tumour type was lymphoma (16/79) as the most predominant representative of the subgroup of round cell tumours. The disorders of the secondary group were mainly caused by excess glucocorticoid (13/19). 178/254 (70.08 %) of the cases got their final diagnosis using fine needle aspiration (124 parenchymal cases, 44 neoplastic, eight secondary, and two biliary). The overall sensitivity of fine needle aspiration was 70.08 %. Moreover, fine needle aspiration showed good sensitivity for identification of acute hepatitis (84.90 %) and a lack of sensitivity regarding chronic hepatitis (50.00 %). Biopsies were only performed in 65 cases and had an overall sensitivity of 84.62 % (55/65). It was often helpful in finding the final diagnosis of parenchymal (18/25) and neoplastic (30/32) disorders, several times in the diagnosis of secondary (6/7) and once in the detection of a vascular pathology.There was a significant difference between the frequency of the correct outcome of FNA and biopsies (p=0.018). Increased ALT, AP and GGT activity were frequently observed in all but vascular disorders. GLDH was also elevated in most dogs from the parenchymal and neoplastic group.
AC-Number
AC15737954
Author of the digital object
Flora Pletzer
Adviser
Iwan Burgener
Format
application/pdf
Size
1021.8 kB
Licence Selected
All rights reserved
Type of publication
Diploma Dissertation
Date of approbation period
2020
Pages or Volume
76 Blätter
Publication Date
2020