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Epidemiology and Clinical Manifestation of West Nile Virus Infections of Equines in Hungary, 2007-2020
Orsolya Eszter Fehér University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest
University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna / University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest
University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest
Zsombor Wagenhoffer University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest
University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest
Péter Malik National Food Chain Safety Office
Petra Forgách University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest
Csenge Hanna Tolnai University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna
Péter Fehérvári University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest / Semmelweis University
MDPI
West Nile virus (WNV) is an emerging pathogen in Hungary, causing severe outbreaks in equines and humans since 2007. The aim of our study was to provide a comprehensive report on the clinical signs of West Nile neuroinvasive disease (WNND) in horses in Hungary. Clinical details of 124 confirmed equine WNND cases were collected between 2007 and 2019. Data about the seasonal and geographical presentation, demographic data, clinical signs, treatment protocols, and disease progression were evaluated. Starting from an initial case originating from the area of possible virus introduction by migratory birds, the whole country became endemic with WNV over the subsequent 12 years. The transmission season did not expand significantly during the data collection period, but vaccination protocols should be always reviewed according to the recent observations. There was not any considerable relationship between the occurrence of WNND and age, breed, or gender. Ataxia was by far the most common neurologic sign related to the disease, but weakness, behavioral changes, and muscle fasciculation appeared frequently. Apart from recumbency combined with inappetence, no other clinical sign or treatment regime correlated with survival. The survival rate showed a moderate increase throughout the years, possibly due to the increased awareness of practitioners.
Englisch
2023
Dieses Werk bzw. dieser Inhalt steht unter einer
CC BY 4.0 - Creative Commons Namensnennung 4.0 International Lizenz.
CC BY 4.0 International
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Lineage 2; Neurologic Disease; Horses; Encephalomyelitis; Fever; Outbreak; Serum; Classification; Encephalitis; Circulation