https://phaidra.vetmeduni.ac.at/o:5578 Management, Production, Infection Events, and Antimicrobial Use on 25 Commercial Turkey Farms in Germany (2019–2021)—A Descriptive Analysis Sonnenschein-Swanson, Lena Lena Sonnenschein-Swanson Baur-Bernhardt, Silvia Silvia Baur-Bernhardt Käsbohrer, Annemarie Annemarie Käsbohrer 0000-0003-2966-2713 University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna. Centre for Veterinary Public Health and One Health Doherr, Marcus Georg Marcus Georg Doherr 0000-0003-0064-1708 Meemken, Diana Diana Meemken 0000-0002-4824-048X Sommer, Mary-Ann Mary-Ann Sommer Stetina, Birgit Ursula Birgit Ursula Stetina 0000-0001-8711-1923 Weiermayer, Petra Petra Weiermayer 0000-0002-6599-9551 University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna. Centre for Veterinary Public Health and One Health MDPI journal article open access eng A two-cohort feasibility study was conducted to investigate the potential role of homeopathic therapy in reducing antimicrobial use in turkeys. The objective of the analysis presented here was to describe the complex characteristics of the study farms. For analysis of heterogeneity, data of 25 turkey farms (7 homeopathy (H); 18 conventional (C)) were analyzed. Farms in cohort H had significantly higher numbers of poultry farms nearby and included outdoor husbandry, while those in cohort C included neither organic nor biodynamic husbandry types. During raising, a combination of straw and wood shavings was more frequent, while during fattening, only one type of litter was predominant. Very few additional significant differences were identified at farm level, while at production batch level, several further differences existed. When comparing the study cohort characteristics with national statistics, both cohorts seemed to perform better than the national average. The incidence of antibiotic treatment days was lower in cohort H compared to cohort C (C 0.14, H 0.01, p < 0.001), while production period-related mortality (C 3.7%, H 3.7%) was comparable. Our detailed collection of data, previously unavailable, provides a relevant insight and will enable the analysis of multivariable aspects linked to antimicrobial usage in turkey production. turkey antimicrobial antibiotic risk factor homeopathy http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ https://phaidra.vetmeduni.ac.at/api/object/o:5578/download 10.3390/poultry5020019 https://phaidra.vetmeduni.ac.at/o:605 application/pdf Poultry issn:2674-1164 VoR Poultry 5 2 1.32 MB 2026