{"@context":{"aiiso":"http:\/\/purl.org\/vocab\/aiiso\/schema#","arm":"https:\/\/ld4p.github.io\/arm\/core\/ontology\/0.1\/","bf":"http:\/\/id.loc.gov\/ontologies\/bibframe\/","bib":"https:\/\/bibliotek-o.org\/","bibo":"http:\/\/purl.org\/ontology\/bibo\/","cito":"http:\/\/purl.org\/spar\/cito\/","classSchemes":"http:\/\/id.loc.gov\/vocabulary\/classSchemes","dbo":"http:\/\/dbpedia.org\/ontology\/","dce":"http:\/\/purl.org\/dc\/elements\/1.1\/","dcmitype":"http:\/\/dublincore.org\/documents\/2000\/07\/11\/dcmi-type-vocabulary\/#","dcterms":"http:\/\/purl.org\/dc\/terms\/","ebucore":"http:\/\/www.ebu.ch\/metadata\/ontologies\/ebucore\/ebucore","edm":"http:\/\/www.europeana.eu\/schemas\/edm\/","foaf":"http:\/\/xmlns.com\/foaf\/spec\/#","frap":"http:\/\/purl.org\/cerif\/frapo","identifiers":"http:\/\/id.loc.gov\/vocabulary\/identifiers","ids":"http:\/\/id.loc.gov\/vocabulary\/identifiers\/","opaque":"http:\/\/opaquenamespace.org\/","pcdm":"http:\/\/pcdm.org\/models#","phaidra":"https:\/\/phaidra.org\/ontology\/","rdam":"http:\/\/rdaregistry.info\/Elements\/m\/","rdau":"http:\/\/rdaregistry.info\/Elements\/u\/","rdax":"http:\/\/rdaregistry.info\/Elements\/x\/","rdf":"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/02\/22-rdf-syntax-ns#","rdfs":"https:\/\/www.w3.org\/TR\/rdf-schema\/","relators":"http:\/\/id.loc.gov\/vocabulary\/relators","role":{"@context":{"aut":{"@container":"@list","@id":"http:\/\/id.loc.gov\/vocabulary\/relators\/aut"}}},"schema":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","skos":"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2004\/02\/skos\/core#","skosxl":"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2008\/05\/skos-xl"},"@id":"https:\/\/phaidra.vetmeduni.ac.at\/o:5410","bf:note":[{"@type":"bf:Summary","skos:prefLabel":[{"@language":"eng","@value":"Background\n\nLipopolysaccharides (LPS) from pathogenic Gram-negative bacteria play a key role in the pathophysiology of mastitis. Subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) induces rumen dysbiosis, leading to LPS translocation and systemic immune activation. This study investigated the effects of a high-grain diet and intramammary LPS challenge on the milk microbiome of dairy cows. Cows were first fed a baseline control diet (day-7 to d-1; CON; 40% grain; n = 18). On d1, 12 cows were switched to a SARA diet (60% grain). On d30, six SARA (SARA_LPS) and the six CON cows (CON_LPS) were challenged intramammarily with LPS, while the other six SARA cows received a placebo (SARA_PLA). No CON_PLA group was enrolled. Milk samples were collected on d-2 (before feeding challenge), d30 (after feeding challenge; before LPS), and d32 (after LPS), and analysed using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing and qPCR.\n\nResults\n\nDuring the feeding phases, more genera (70.1%) increased in CON than SARA cows, whereas more (65.3%) genera decreased their relative abundance in SARA compared to CON (p < 0.001). This decline persisted in SARA_PLA cows, with more genera (62.4%) decreasing their abundance (p < 0.001). However, LPS injection reversed the trend of the feeding effect, with more genera (79.3%) increasing in SARA_LPS cows in comparison to the other two groups, while more genera (85.5%) decreased in CON_LPS (p < 0.001) in comparison to the other two groups. Alpha diversity correlated positively with bacterial cell equivalents. Of all genera, 22.1% correlated negatively with milk amyloid A (MAA), which increased post-LPS injection, 21.7% positively with lactose, and 13.4% positively with milk urea. SCC showed significant differences in beta-diversity, but no distinct visual clustering nor many correlations.\n\nConclusion\n\nThe microbial dynamics suggest that high-grain diet and the LPS injection influence the milk bacterial community. More taxa correlated with MAA than with SCC, suggesting that MAA may better reflect immune-microbial interactions in milk. A roughage-rich diet promoted higher microbial abundance, whereas high-grain feeding reduced abundance over the timespan of 30 days. Intramammary LPS challenge decreased absolute abundance in CON but increased it in SARA cows, suggesting a diet-dependent immune modulation of the mammary environment. These findings indicate that mammary gland epithelial integrity and immune mediators jointly shape the milk microbiome under metabolic and inflammatory stress."}]}],"bf:provisionActivity":[{"@type":"bf:Publication","bf:agent":[{"@type":"schema:Organization","schema:name":[{"@value":"Springer"}]}]}],"dce:rights":[{"@language":"eng","@value":"© The Author(s) 2025"}],"dce:subject":[{"@type":"skos:Concept","skos:prefLabel":[{"@language":"eng","@value":"Udder Health"}]},{"@type":"skos:Concept","skos:prefLabel":[{"@language":"eng","@value":"High-grain Feeding"}]},{"@type":"skos:Concept","skos:prefLabel":[{"@language":"eng","@value":"Mastitis"}]},{"@type":"skos:Concept","skos:prefLabel":[{"@language":"eng","@value":"Somatic Cell Count"}]},{"@type":"skos:Concept","skos:prefLabel":[{"@language":"eng","@value":"Milk Amyloid A"}]},{"@type":"skos:Concept","skos:prefLabel":[{"@language":"eng","@value":"Gut-mammary Gland Axis"}]}],"dce:title":[{"@type":"bf:Title","bf:mainTitle":[{"@language":"eng","@value":"Dynamics of the milk microbial community during subacute ruminal acidosis with or without intramammary lipopolysaccharide challenge in dairy cows"}]}],"dcterms:accessRights":[{"@type":"skos:Concept","skos:exactMatch":["https:\/\/pid.phaidra.org\/vocabulary\/QW5R-NG4J"],"skos:prefLabel":[{"@language":"eng","@value":"open access"},{"@language":"ita","@value":"Open Access"}]}],"dcterms:issued":["2026"],"dcterms:language":["eng"],"dcterms:type":[{"@type":"skos:Concept","skos:exactMatch":["https:\/\/pid.phaidra.org\/vocabulary\/69ZZ-2KGX"],"skos:prefLabel":[{"@language":"eng","@value":"Text"},{"@language":"deu","@value":"Text"},{"@language":"ita","@value":"Documento PDF"}]}],"ebucore:filename":["s42523-025-00499-5.pdf"],"ebucore:hasMimeType":["application\/pdf"],"edm:hasType":[{"@type":"skos:Concept","skos:exactMatch":["https:\/\/pid.phaidra.org\/vocabulary\/VKA6-9XTY"],"skos:prefLabel":[{"@language":"eng","@value":"journal article"},{"@language":"deu","@value":"Wissenschaftlicher Artikel"},{"@language":"ita","@value":"Articolo scientifico"}]}],"edm:rights":["http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"],"oaire:version":[{"@type":"skos:Concept","skos:exactMatch":["https:\/\/pid.phaidra.org\/vocabulary\/PMR8-3C8D"],"skos:prefLabel":[{"@language":"eng","@value":"version of record (published version)"},{"@language":"ita","@value":"Versione editoriale\/Version of Record"}]}],"rdam:P30004":[{"@type":"ids:doi","@value":"10.1186\/s42523-025-00499-5"}],"rdau:P60193":[{"@type":"schema:CreativeWork","bibo:issue":[{"@value":"1"}],"bibo:volume":[{"@value":"8"}],"dce:title":[{"@type":"bf:Title","bf:mainTitle":[{"@language":"eng","@value":"Animal Microbiome"}]}],"dcterms:issued":["2026"],"ids:issn":["2524-4671"]}],"rdax:P00009":[{"@type":"aiiso:Division","skos:exactMatch":["https:\/\/pid.phaidra.org\/vetmeduni-org\/SVF6-91SW"],"skos:prefLabel":[{"@language":"deu","@value":"Zentrum für Tierernährung und Tierschutzwissenschaften"},{"@language":"eng","@value":"Centre for Animal Nutrition and Welfare"}]},{"@type":"aiiso:Division","skos:exactMatch":["https:\/\/pid.phaidra.org\/vetmeduni-org\/NXE4-9V1D"],"skos:prefLabel":[{"@language":"deu","@value":"Zentrum für Lebensmittelwissenschaften"},{"@language":"eng","@value":"Centre for Food Science"}]}],"role:aut":[{"@type":"schema:Person","schema:familyName":[{"@value":"Neubauer"}],"schema:givenName":[{"@value":"Viktoria"}],"skos:exactMatch":[{"@type":"ids:orcid","@value":"0000-0002-4312-5781"}]},{"@type":"schema:Person","schema:familyName":[{"@value":"Aditya"}],"schema:givenName":[{"@value":"Siska"}]},{"@type":"schema:Person","schema:familyName":[{"@value":"Quijada"}],"schema:givenName":[{"@value":"Narciso M."}]},{"@type":"schema:Person","schema:familyName":[{"@value":"Wetzels"}],"schema:givenName":[{"@value":"Stefanie Urimare"}]},{"@type":"schema:Person","schema:familyName":[{"@value":"Dzieciol"}],"schema:givenName":[{"@value":"Monika"}],"skos:exactMatch":[{"@type":"ids:orcid","@value":"0000-0002-0972-6241"}]},{"@type":"schema:Person","schema:familyName":[{"@value":"Pourazad"}],"schema:givenName":[{"@value":"Poulad"}]},{"@type":"schema:Person","schema:familyName":[{"@value":"Zebeli"}],"schema:givenName":[{"@value":"Qendrim"}],"skos:exactMatch":[{"@type":"ids:orcid","@value":"0000-0001-5188-9004"}]},{"@type":"schema:Person","schema:familyName":[{"@value":"Selberherr"}],"schema:givenName":[{"@value":"Evelyne"}],"skos:exactMatch":[{"@type":"ids:orcid","@value":"0000-0002-2253-5247"}]}],"schema:numberOfPages":["21"]}