Elsevier Gavrila Amadea Puspitarani Hannah Schuster Ewan Colman Amélie Desvars-Larrive Documento PDF Articolo scientifico Text journal article iScience doi:10.1016/j.isci.2026.114868 2026 © 2026 The Author(s) open access Risk of exotic disease introduction and propagation in the Austrian swine trade network Importation of live pigs poses a significant risk for introducing exotic diseases, threatening animal health, welfare, and food security. Using daily Austrian pig movement records from 2021, we modeled the introduction of an infectious disease. Within-holding infection dynamics were simulated with a stochastic susceptible-exposed-infectious-removed (SEIR) with ASF-like parameters; between-holding transmission occurred via direct trade and indirect local spread within 5-km radius. Across simulations, the epidemic affected 0.2% of pigs and 2% of holdings, reaching 10% of municipalities. Most holding-to-holding transmission was short-distance (54.9% intra-municipal; inter-municipal transmission averaged 7.8 km), but rare long-distance events (mean 5.6 events per simulation; >2 SD above mean trade distance) facilitated large-scale outbreaks. Early-stage projections predicted final size and progression more precisely than later forecasts, supporting timely targeted interventions. Static networks overestimated affected municipalities by 8.9-fold. The first 40 days were critical for epidemic control when introduction occurred in a low-trade period (January), shrinking to 20 days during high-trade periods (April). eng Open Access Text Wissenschaftlicher Artikel application/pdf http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Animal Health Management Animal Science Food Animal Veterinary Medicine Porcine Epidemiology https://phaidra.vetmeduni.ac.at/o:5389