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<edm:dataProvider>University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna</edm:dataProvider>

  
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<dc:title xml:lang="en">Comparative physiology and biomimetics in metabolic and environmental health: what can we learn from extreme animal phenotypes?</dc:title>

  
<dc:description xml:lang="en">This review explores the remarkable metabolic adaptations of species that thrive in extreme environments, providing insights into their resilience, flexibility and disease resistance. Species such as hibernating brown bears, migratory birds, cavefish, Greenland sharks and naked mole rats exhibit unique metabolic traits that challenge conventional paradigms of metabolic regulation. These adaptations, including resistance to hypoxia and metabolic ageing, offer potential solutions to human metabolic disorders, including obesity, type 2 diabetes and CVD. Insights from comparative physiology, particularly the mechanisms by which animals cope with food scarcity, extreme temperatures and hypoxia, could help identify novel therapeutic targets for advancing human health. For example, hibernation can serve as a model for understanding metabolic diseases, providing insights into reversible insulin resistance and energy homeostasis. This review also highlights the impact of environmental stressors, including climate change, on these species, which may jeopardise their survival despite their resilience. Accelerating anthropogenic environmental change threatens even the most resilient animal species. We call for a holistic approach to conservation and environmental protection to preserve these species and the valuable lessons they offer for managing our metabolic health.</dc:description>

  
<dc:identifier rdf:resource="https://phaidra.vetmeduni.ac.at/o:5301"></dc:identifier>

  
<dc:language>en</dc:language>

  
<edm:type>TEXT</edm:type>

  
<dc:type>journal article</dc:type>

  
<dc:type>Wissenschaftlicher Artikel</dc:type>

  
<dc:type>Articolo scientifico</dc:type>

  
<dc:type xml:lang="de">Text</dc:type>

  
<dc:type xml:lang="de">Wissenschaftlicher Artikel</dc:type>

  
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<dc:type xml:lang="it">Articolo scientifico</dc:type>

  
<dc:type xml:lang="en">Text</dc:type>

  
<dc:type xml:lang="en">journal article</dc:type>

  
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Biomimetics</dc:subject>

  
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Cardiovascular Disease</dc:subject>

  
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Climate Change</dc:subject>

  
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Comparative Physiology</dc:subject>

  
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Exposome</dc:subject>

  
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Hibernation</dc:subject>

  
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Insulin Resistance</dc:subject>

  
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Longevity</dc:subject>

  
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Metabolic Adaption</dc:subject>

  
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">NrF2</dc:subject>

  
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Planetary Health</dc:subject>

  
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Review</dc:subject>

  
<dcterms:issued>2026</dcterms:issued>

  
<dc:date>2026</dc:date>

  
<dc:creator>Peter Stenvinkel</dc:creator>

  
<dc:creator>Peter Kotanko</dc:creator>

  
<dc:creator>Johanna Painer-Gigler</dc:creator>

  
<dc:creator>Paul G. Shiels</dc:creator>

  
<dc:creator>Pieter Evenepoel</dc:creator>

  
<dc:creator>Leon Schurgers</dc:creator>

  
<dc:creator>Barbara Natterson-Horowitz</dc:creator>

  
<dc:creator>Szilvia Kalogeropoulu</dc:creator>

  
<dc:creator>Joshua Schiffman</dc:creator>

  
<dc:creator>Richard J. Johnson</dc:creator>

  
<dc:publisher>Springer</dc:publisher>

  
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