University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna Third-Generation Cephalosporin-Resistant Enterobacterales and Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in Pigs in Rwanda This pilot study investigated the presence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and third-generation cephalosporin-resistant (3GC-R) Enterobacterales in conventionally kept domestic pigs and their environment across four districts in Rwanda. A total of 114 swabs (nasal, rectal, manure, dust) from 29 farms were collected and processed to isolate resistant bacteria. Thirty-two 3GC-R Enterobacterales were detected. Escherichia coli predominantly harboring blaCTX-M group 1 β-lactamase genes, alongside Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates, all displaying extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) phenotypes. Four MRSA isolates, all belonging to clonal complex 398 and SCCmec type IV, the typical livestock MRSA, were recovered from nasal and environmental samples. Multidrug resistance was frequently observed. The co-occurrence of β-lactamase genes, non-β-lactam resistance genes, and virulence factors such as fimH and loci associated with extraintestinal pathogenic and enteropathogenic E. coli. The detection of both MRSA and 3GC-R Enterobacterales in the present study indicates pigs and their farm environments as reservoirs of WHO priority pathogens in Rwanda, highlighting a potential public health risk in the context of extensive human–animal–environment interaction. These findings emphasize the urgent need for integrated One Health surveillance and comprehensive AMR control strategies addressing both animal and environmental reservoirs to support Rwanda’s National Action Plan on Antimicrobial Resistance. en TEXT journal article Wissenschaftlicher Artikel Articolo scientifico Documento PDF Articolo scientifico Text Wissenschaftlicher Artikel Text journal article Staphylococcus Aureus E. Coli Klebsiella Pneumoniae Enterobacterales MRSA ESBL Porcine One Health Approach Antimicrobial Resistance 2026 2026 Emmanuel Irimaso Valens Hagenimana Emmanuel Nzabamwita Michael Blümlinger Otto W. Fischer Lukas Schwarz Michael P. Szostak Olga Makarova Adriana Cabal Rosel Werner Ruppitsch Elke Müller Andrea T. Feßler Sascha D. Braun Stefan Schwarz Stefan Monecke Ralf Ehricht Suzana Tkalcic Christophe Ntakirutimana Joachim Spergser Doris Verhovsek Igor Loncaric MDPI