phaidra.vetmeduni.ac.at o:5002 DOI 10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2025.104286 Technologies for automatic assessment of pig welfare using animal-based indicators in the slaughterhouse: a review Most meat-producing species end their life at the slaughterhouse. Here, animals are gathered from diverse farms, allowing for extensive data collection, including on welfare status. Assessing animal welfare requires reliable indicators, particularly those that are animal-based. Automated welfare evaluation offers a continuous, objective, and consistent approach for monitoring large numbers of animals, eliminating human bias and fatigue associated with high-speed production lines, and decreasing farm visits. This review aims to identify animal-based welfare indicators for pigs that can be automatically measured at slaughterhouses and to examine commercially available Precision Livestock Farming (PLF) technologies used at the slaughterhouse, including prototypes and on-farm technologies that can be adapted and applied to slaughterhouses. A three-step methodology is used: first a systematic literature search, followed by a comprehensible commercial search, and finally an expert consultation survey to confirm that all technologies were identified. A total of 16 technologies for slaughterhouse applications and 71 technologies for on-farm use were identified. Among the on-farm technologies, 52 were deemed feasible for slaughterhouse implementation, while 19 were considered unsuitable due to mismatches with slaughterhouse purposes, such as feeding behaviour or heat detection. The results also highlight the need to address automated welfare assessment during the transport phase to ensure thorough understanding and continuous monitoring of animal welfare across the entire production chain. While automated systems for monitoring pig welfare show significant potential, challenges in practical implementation and widespread adoption remain, requiring collaboration between researchers, industry stakeholders, and technology developers to fully realise their potential. eng Pig Production Abattoir Welfare Assessment PLF Technologies Sensors Artifical Intelligence 2026-03-24T09:56:53.568Z LOMv1.0 Author BEGIN:VCARD VERSION:3.0 N:Ramon-Perez;Angela; FN:Angela Ramon-Perez X-ORCID:https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0170-8321 END:VCARD BEGIN:VCARD VERSION:3.0 N:Camerlink;Irene; FN:Irene Camerlink X-ORCID:https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3427-2210 END:VCARD BEGIN:VCARD VERSION:3.0 N:van Staaveren;Nienke; FN:Nienke van Staaveren END:VCARD BEGIN:VCARD VERSION:3.0 N:Maschat;Kristina; FN:Kristina Maschat X-ORCID:https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8295-9180 END:VCARD BEGIN:VCARD VERSION:3.0 N:van Langeveld;Kenny; FN:Kenny van Langeveld X-ORCID:https://orcid.org/0009-0002-8068-4934 END:VCARD BEGIN:VCARD VERSION:3.0 N:Banhazi;Thomas; FN:Thomas Banhazi X-ORCID:https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1733-6120 END:VCARD BEGIN:VCARD VERSION:3.0 N:Fels;Michaela; FN:Michaela Fels END:VCARD BEGIN:VCARD VERSION:3.0 N:Jachens;Maite; FN:Maite Jachens X-ORCID:https://orcid.org/0009-0005-5760-4168 END:VCARD BEGIN:VCARD VERSION:3.0 N:Maselyne;Jarissa; FN:Jarissa Maselyne X-ORCID:https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2109-3253 END:VCARD BEGIN:VCARD VERSION:3.0 N:Forkman;Björn; FN:Björn Forkman END:VCARD BEGIN:VCARD VERSION:3.0 N:Llonch;Pol; FN:Pol Llonch X-ORCID:https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5958-861X END:VCARD https://w3id.org/kim/hcrt/scheme https://w3id.org/kim/hcrt/text Textdokument Text LOMv1.0 yes https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 application/pdf 1277804 https://phaidra.vetmeduni.ac.at/o:5002 https://phaidra.vetmeduni.ac.at/api/object/o:5002/thumbnail LOMv1.0 discipline