University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna Allergic Rhinitis and Its Impact on Asthma (ARIA)-EAACI Guidelines—2024–2025 Revision: Part I—Guidelines on Intranasal Treatments Background Allergic rhinitis (AR) impacts quality of life, work and school productivity. Over the last years, an important body of evidence resulting from mHealth data has led to a better understanding of AR. Such advances have motivated an EAACI-endorsed update of the Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) guidelines (ARIA 2024–2025). This manuscript presents the ARIA 2024–2025 recommendations for intranasal treatments, one of the mainstays for AR management. Methods The ARIA 2024–2025 guideline panel issued recommendations following the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) evidence-to-decision framework. Several sources of evidence were used to inform panel judgments and recommendations, including systematic reviews, evaluation of mHealth and pharmacovigilance data, as well as a survey of experts on costs. Results Eleven guideline questions concerning intranasal treatments for AR were prioritized, leading to recommendations. Overall, these questions concern the choice between different classes of intranasal medications—most notably, intranasal corticosteroids (INCS), antihistamines (INAH), fixed combinations of INAH+INCS and decongestants—or between different individual medications within each class. Four questions had not been evaluated in previous ARIA guidelines, while for the other three there was a change in the strength or directionality of recommendations. Overall, recommendations point to the suggested use of INAH+INCS over INAH or INCS and INCS over INAH. Conclusion This ARIA 2024–2025 article supports patients, their caregivers, and healthcare professionals in choosing an intranasal treatment. However, decisions on AR treatment should consider the clinical variability of the disease, patients' values, and the affordability of medications. Online Version of Record before inclusion in an issue en TEXT journal article Wissenschaftlicher Artikel Articolo di rivista Text journal article Documento PDF Articolo di rivista Text Wissenschaftlicher Artikel Allergic Rhinitis Guidelines Intranasal Antihistamines Intranasal Corticosteroids 2025 2025 Bernardo Sousa‐Pinto (MEDCIDS—Department of Community Medicine, Information and Health Decision Sciences, Faculty of Medicine University of Porto Porto Portugal) Jean Bousquet (Institute of Allergology Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt‐Universität Zu Berlin Berlin Germany) Rafael José Vieira (MEDCIDS—Department of Community Medicine, Information and Health Decision Sciences, Faculty of Medicine University of Porto Porto Portugal) Holger J. Schünemann (Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Immunology and Allergology Berlin Germany) Torsten Zuberbier (Institute of Allergology Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt‐Universität Zu Berlin Berlin Germany) Antonio Bognanni (Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact & Department of Medicine McMaster University Hamilton Ontario Canada) Alkis Togias (Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Transplantation (DAIT) National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH Bethesda Maryland USA) Boleslaw Samolinski (Department of Prevention of Environmental Hazards, Allergology and Immunology Medical University of Warsaw Warsaw Poland) Arunas Valiulis (Institute of Clinical Medicine and Institute of Health Sciences Medical Faculty of Vilnius University Vilnius Lithuania) Sian Williams (International Primary Care Respiratory Group IPCRG Edinburgh UK) Anna Bedbrook (ARIA (Allergic Rhinitis and Its Impact on Asthma) Montpellier France) Wienczyslawa Czarlewski (ARIA (Allergic Rhinitis and Its Impact on Asthma) Montpellier France) Maria Jose Torres (Allergy Unit Málaga Regional University Hospital of Málaga, Malaga University, ARADyAL Malaga Spain) Mohamed H. Shamji (Immunomodulation and Tolerance Group and Allergy and Clinical Immunology Imperial College London London UK) Mário Morais‐Almeida (Allergy Center CUF Descobertas Hospital Lisbon Portugal) G. Walter Canonica (Department of Biomedical Science Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele Milan Italy) Leticia de las Vecillas (Department of Allergy Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research (IdiPAZ) Madrid Spain) Mark S. Dykewicz (Section of Allergy and Immunology Saint Louis University School of Medicine Saint Louis Missouri USA) Cristina Jacomelli (“Respiriamo Insieme” Association, Asthma & Allergy Center Padova Italy) Ludger Klimek (Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery Universitätsmedizin Mainz Mainz Germany) Lucas Leemann (Department of Political Science University of Zürich Zürich Switzerland) Olga Lourenço (RISE‐Health, Department of Medical Sciences Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior Covilhã Portugal) Yuliia Palamarchuk (Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI) Atmospheric Composition Research Helsinki Finland) Nikolaos G. Papadopoulos (Allergy Department 2nd Pediatric Clinic, University of Athens Athens Greece) Ana Margarida Pereira (MEDCIDS—Department of Community Medicine, Information and Health Decision Sciences, Faculty of Medicine University of Porto Porto Portugal) Marine Savouré (Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal) Barcelona Spain) Sanna K. Toppila‐Salmi (Department of Allergy, Skin and Allergy Hospital, Inflammation Center Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland) Maria Teresa Ventura (University of Bari Medical School Bari Italy) Juan José Yepes‐Nuñez (School of Medicine Universidad de los Andes Bogotá D. C. Colombia) Alvaro A. Cruz (Fundacao ProAR and (Faculdade de Medicina da) Universidade Federal da Bahia Salvador Bahia Brazil) Giorgio Ciprandi (Casa di Cura Villa Montallegro Allergology Department Genova Italy) Bilun Gemicioglu (Department of Pulmonary Diseases and Institute of Pulmonology and Tuberculosis Istanbul University‐Cerrahpaşa, Cerrahpaşa Faculty of Medicine Istanbul Turkey) Mattia Giovannini (Department of Health Sciences University of Florence Florence Italy) Brigita Gradauskiene (Department of Immunology and Allergology Lithuanian University of Health Sciences Kaunas Lithuania) Tuomas Jartti (Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine University of Turku, Turku University Hospital Turku Finland) Miloš Jeseňák (Institute of Clinical Immunology and Medical Genetics, Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Department of Pulmonology and Phthisiology Jessenius Faculty of Medicine Martin Slovakia) Piotr Kuna (Division of Internal Medicine, Asthma and Allergy Barlicki University Hospital, Medical University of Lodz Lodz Poland) Violeta Kvedariene (Institute of Clinical Medicine, Clinic of Chest Diseases and Allergology, Faculty of Medicine Vilnius University Vilnius Lithuania) Désirée E. Larenas‐Linnemann (Center of Excellence in Asthma and Allergy Médica Sur Clinical Foundation and Hospital México City Mexico) Amir HA Latiff (Allergy & Immunology Centre Pantai Hospital Kuala Lumpur Kuala Lumpur Malaysia) Yousser Mohammad (National Center for Research in Chronic Respiratory Diseases, Collaborating With WHO—EMRO Tishreen University School of Medicine Latakia Syria) Ken Ohta (Japan Antituberculosis Association (JATA) Fukujuji Hospital Tokyo Japan) Padukudru A. Mahesh (Department of Respiratory Medicine JSS Medical College, JSSAHER Mysuru Mysore Karnataka India) Isabella Pali‐Schöll (Departement of Biological Sciences and Pathophysiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria) Oliver Pfaar (Section of Rhinology and Allergy, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery University Hospital Marburg, Philipps‐Universität Marburg Marburg Germany) Frederico S. Regateiro (Allergy and Clinical Immunology Department Hospitais da Universidade de Coimbra, Unidade Local de Saúde de Coimbra Coimbra Portugal) Nicolas Roche (Pneumologie AP‐HP Centre Université de Paris Cité, Hôpital Cochin Paris France) Luís Taborda‐Barata (UBIAir—Clinical & Experimental Lung Centre and CICS‐UBI Health Sciences Research Centre University of Beira Interior Covilhã Portugal) Charlotte Suppli Ulrik (Department of Respiratory Medicine Copenhagen University Hospital‐Hvidovre Copenhagen Denmark) Marylin Valentin Rostan (Pediatrics, Allergy & Immunology, Latín American Society of Allergy Asthma & Immunology (SLAAi) Montevideo Uruguay) Giovanni Viegi (Pulmonary Environmental Epidemiology Unit CNR Institute of Clinical Physiology Pisa Italy) Luo Zhang (Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery Beijing TongRen Hospital and Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology Beijing China) Tari Haahtela (Skin and Allergy Hospital Helsinki University Hospital, and University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland) Ivan Cherrez‐Ojeda (Universidad Espíritu Santo Samborondón Ecuador) Juan Carlos Ivancevich (Servicio de Alergia e Immunologia Clinica Santa Isabel Buenos Aires Argentina) Nikolai Khaltaev (Global NCD Platform Geneva Switzerland) Arzu Yorgancioglu (Department of Pulmonary Diseases Celal Bayar University, Faculty of Medicine Manisa Turkey) Baharudin Abdullah (Department of Otorhinolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medical Sciences Universiti Sains Malaysia Kubang Kerian Kelantan Malaysia) Mona Al‐Ahmad (Microbiology Department College of Medicine, Kuwait University Kuwait City Kuwait) Maryam Ali Al‐Nesf (Adult Allergy and Immunology Division—Hamad Medical Corporation Doha Qatar) Rita Amaral (MEDCIDS—Department of Community Medicine, Information and Health Decision Sciences, Faculty of Medicine University of Porto Porto Portugal) Julijana Asllani (Department of Internal Medicine University of Medicine Tirana Albania) Karl‐C Bergmann (Institute of Allergology Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt‐Universität Zu Berlin Berlin Germany) Jonathan A. Bernstein (Division of Immunology, Allergy and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine University of Cincinnati College of Medicine Cincinnati Ohio USA) Michael S. Blaiss (Department of Pediatrics Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University Augusta Georgia USA) Fulvio Braido (Department of Internal Medicine (DIMI) University of Genoa Genoa Italy) Paulo Camargos (Department of Pediatrics, Medical School Federal University of Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte Brazil) Pedro Carreiro‐Martins (NOVA Medical School/Comprehensive Health Research Centre (CHRC) Lisbon Portugal) Thomas Casale (Division of Allergy/Immunology University of South Florida Tampa Florida USA) Lorenzo Cecchi (SOS Allergology and Clinical Immunology USL Toscana Centro Prato Italy) Alessandro Fiocchi (Allergy, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Rome Italy) Antonio F. M. Giuliano (Department of Internal Medicine ‘A. Murri’ and Unit of Geriatric Immunoallergology University of Bari Medical School Bari Italy) George Christoff (Faculty of Public Health Sofia Medical University Sofia Bulgaria) Ieva Cirule (Latvian Association of Allergists University Children Hospital Riga Latvia) Jaime Correia de Sousa (Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine University of Minho Braga Portugal) Elisio M. Costa (CINTESIS@RISE, Biochemistry Lab, Faculty of Pharmacy and Competence Center on Active and Healthy Ageing University of Porto Porto Portugal) Stefano Del Giacco (Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health and Unit of Allergy and Clinical Immunology University Hospital “Duilio Casula”, University of Cagliari Cagliari Italy) Philippe Devillier (VIM Suresnes, UMR 0892, Pôle Des Maladies Des Voies Respiratoires, Hôpital Foch Université Paris‐Saclay Suresnes France) Dejan Dokic (Medical Faculty Skopje University Clinic of Pulmology and Allergy Skopje Republic of North Macedonia) Elham Hossny (Pediatric Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology Unit Children's Hospital, Ain Shams University Cairo Egypt) Tomohisa Iinuma (Department of Otorhinolaryngology Chiba University Chiba Japan) Carla Irani (Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases St Joseph University, Hotel Dieu de France Hospital Beirut Lebanon) Zhanat Ispayeva (Department of Allergology and Clinical Immunology, Kazakhstan Association of Allergology and Clinical Immunology Kazakh National Medical University Almaty Kazakhstan) Kaja Julge (Institute of Clinical Medicine Children's Clinic, Tartu University Tartu Estonia) Igor Kaidashev (Poltava State Medical University Immunology & Allergology Department Poltava Ukraine) Kazi S. Bennoor (Department of Respiratory Medicine National Institute of Diseases of the Chest and Hospital Dhaka Bangladesh) Helga Kraxner (Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery Semmelweis University Budapest Hungary) Inger Kull (Department of Clinical Science and Education Södersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden) Marek Kulus (Department of Pediatric Respiratory Diseases and Allergology Medical University of Warsaw Warsaw Poland) Maciej Kupczyk (Division of Internal Medicine, Asthma and Allergy Barlicki University Hospital, Medical University of Lodz Lodz Poland) Andriy Kurchenko (Department of Clinical and Laboratory Immunology, Allergology and Medical Genetics Bogomolets National Medical University Kyiv Ukraine) Stefania La Grutta (Institute of Translational Pharmacology (IFT)‐National Research Council (CNR) Palermo Italy) Neven Miculinic (Croatian Pulmonary Society Clinical Center for Pulmonary Diseases Zagreb Croatia) Lan Le Thi Tuyet (Asthma, COPD Outpatient Care Unit University Medical Center Hô‐Chi‐Minh City Vietnam) Michael Makris (Allergy Unit “D Kalogeromitros”, 2nd Department of Dermatology and Venereology, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens “Attikon” University Hospital Athens Greece) Branislava Milenkovic (Clinic for Pulmonary Diseases, Clinical Center of Serbia, Faculty of Medicine University of Belgrade, Serbian Association for Asthma and COPD Belgrade Serbia) Sang Min Lee (Division of Respiratory Disease and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine Dankook University College of Medicine Cheonan Republic of Korea) Stephen Montefort (Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery University of Malta Msida Malta) Andre Moreira (EPIUnit‐Institute of Public Health University of Porto, and Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR) Porto Portugal) Joaquim Mullol (Rhinology Unit & Smell Clinic, ENT Department Hospital Clínic Barcelona Spain) Rachel Nadif (Inserm Equipe D'epidémiologie Respiratoire Intégrative, CESP Villejuif France) Alla Nakonechna (Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust London UK) Hugo E. Neffen (Center of Allergy, Immunology and Respiratory Diseases Santa Fe Argentina) Marek Niedoszytko (Department of Allergology Medical University of Gdansk Gdansk Poland) Dieudonné Nyembue (ENT Department University Hospital of Kinshasa Kinshasa Democratic Republic of the Congo) Robyn E. O'Hehir (Allergy, Asthma and Clinical Immunology, Alfred Health and Department of Immunology, Central Clinical School Monash University Melbourne Victoria Australia) Ismail Ogulur (Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF) University of Zurich Davos Switzerland) Yoshitaka Okamoto (Chiba Rosai Hospital ENT Department Chiba Japan) Heidi Olze (Department of Otorhinolaryngology Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin Berlin Germany) Oscar Palomares (Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Chemistry Complutense University of Madrid Madrid Spain) Petr Panzner (Department of Immunology and Allergology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen Charles University Prague Czech Republic) Vincenzo Patella (Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology Department of Medicine, “Santa Maria della Speranza” Hospital, Battipaglia Salerno Italy) Ruby Pawankar (Department of Pediatrics Nippon Medical School Tokyo Japan) Constantinos Pitsios (Medical School University of Cyprus Nicosia Cyprus) Todor A. Popov (Clinic of Occupational Diseases University Hospital Sveti Ivan Rilski Sofia Bulgaria) Francesca Puggioni (IRCCS Humanitas Research Center Personalized Medicine Asthma & Allergy, Rozzano Milan Italy) Santiago Quirce (Department of Allergy Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research (IdiPAZ) Madrid Spain) Agné Ramonaité (Department of Pulmonology and Allergology Klaipeda National Hospital Klaipėda Lithuania) Marysia Recto (Division of Adult and Pediatric Allergy and Immunology University of the Philippines—Philippines General Hospital Manila Philippines) Maria Susana Repka‐Ramirez (Department of Allergy Clinics Hospital, National University San Lorenzo Paraguay) Graham Roberts (Faculty of Medicine University of Southampton Southampton UK) Karla Robles‐Velasco (Universidad Espíritu Santo Samborondón Ecuador) Menachem Rottem (Division of Allergy, Asthma and Clinical Immunology Emek Medical Center Afula Israel) Marianella Salapatas (Aria Asthma, Rhinitis, Immunology & Allergy Department Athens Greece) Joaquin Sastre (Allergy Service, Fundacion Jimenez Diaz Autonoma University of Madrid, CIBERES‐ISCIII Madrid Spain) Nicola Scichilone (PROMISE Department University of Palermo Palermo Italy) Juan‐Carlos Sisul (Allergy & Asthma Medical Director, CLINICA SISUL, FACAAI, SPAAI Asuncion Paraguay) Dirceu Solé (Division of Allergy, Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics Federal University of São Paulo São Paulo Brazil) Manuel E. Soto‐Martinez (Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Pediatrics Hospital Nacional de Niños, Universidad de Costa Rica San Jose Costa Rica) Milan Sova (Department of Respiratory Medicine and Tuberculosis University Hospital Brno Czech Republic) Pongsakorn Tantilipikorn (Department of Otolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital Mahidol University Bangkok Thailand) Ana Todo‐Bom (Imunoalergologia, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Coimbra, Faculty of Medicine University of Coimbra Coimbra Portugal) Vladyslav Tsaryk (Department of Clinical and Laboratory Immunology, Allergology and Medical Genetics Bogomolets National Medical University Kyiv Ukraine) Ioanna Tsiligianni (International Primary Care Respiratory Group IPCRG Aberdeen UK) Marilyn Urrutia‐Pereira (Federal University of Pampa Department of Medicine Uruguaiana Brazil) Erkka Valovirta (Department of Lung Diseases and Clinical Immunology University of Turku Turku Finland) Tuula Vasankari (FiLHA Finnish Lung Health Association Helsinki Finland) Dana Wallace (Nova Southeastern University College of Allopathic Medicine Fort Lauderdale Florida USA) De Yun Wang (Department of Otolaryngology Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore Singapore Republic of Singapore) Margitta Worm (Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Dermatology, Allergy and Venerology Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin Berlin Germany) Osman M. Yusuf (The Allergy and Asthma Institute Allergy & Asthma Department Islamabad Pakistan) Mihaela Zidarn (University Clinic of Respiratory and Allergic Diseases Pulmonary & Allergy Department Golnik Slovenia) Sara Gil‐Mata (MEDCIDS—Department of Community Medicine, Information and Health Decision Sciences, Faculty of Medicine University of Porto Porto Portugal) Manuel Marques‐Cruz (MEDCIDS—Department of Community Medicine, Information and Health Decision Sciences, Faculty of Medicine University of Porto Porto Portugal) Bassam Mahboub (Pulmonary Department Rashid Hospital, DUBAI Health Dubai UAE) Ignacio J. Ansotegui (Department of Allergy and Immunology Hospital Quironsalud Bizkaia Bilbao Spain) Antonino Romano (Oasi Research Institute‐IRCCS Troina Italy) Werner Aberer (Department of Dermatology Medical University of Graz Graz Austria) Maria Cristina Artesani (Allergy, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Rome Italy) Elena Azzolini (Asthma & Allergy Unit IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano Milan Italy) Bruno Barreto (Department of Allergy and Immunology Para State University Center—CESUPA Belém Brazil) Joan Bartra (Allergy Department Hospital Clinic and IDIBAPS. Universitat de Barcelona Barcelona Spain) Sven Becker (Department for Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery University of Tübingen Tübingen Germany) Bianca Beghe (Respiratory Medicine University of Modena & Reggio Emilia, Azienda Ospedaliera‐Universitaria di Modena Modena Italy) Attilio Boner (Pediatric Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, Dentistry, Gynecology and Pediatrics University of Verona Verona Italy) Ewa Borowiack (Evidence Prime Kraków Poland) Jacques Bouchard (Laval University Quebec City Quebec Canada) Melisande Bourgoin‐Heck (Department of Pediatric Allergology Armand Trousseau University Hospital, Sorbonne University, AP‐HP Paris France) Luisa Brussino (Department of Medical Sciences University of Turin Turin Italy) Roland Buhl (Department of Pulmonary Medicine Mainz University Hospital Mainz Germany) José Antonio Castillo‐Vizuete (Pneumology Department Hospital Universitari Dexeus Barcelona Spain) Denis Charpin (Clinique Des Bronches, Allergie et Sommeil Hôpital Nord Marseille France) Niels H. Chavannes (Department of Public Health and Primary Care Leiden University Medical Centre Leiden the Netherlands) Marta Chełmińska (Department of Pulmonology and Allergology Medical University of Gdańsk Gdańsk Poland) Lei Cheng (Department of Allergology and Otorhinolaryngology The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China) Ekaterine Chkhartishvili (Allergist David Tvildiani Medical University Tbilisi Georgia) Seong H. Cho (University of South Florida College of Médicine, Division of Allergy‐Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine Tampa Florida USA) Herberto Jose Chong‐Neto (Associate Professor of Pediatrics, Division of Allergy and Immunology Federal University of Parana Curitiba Brazil) Deepa Choudhury (Paediatric Allergy Clinic, Department of Dermatology, Amersham Hospital NHS Hospital Trust Amersham UK) Derek K. Chu (Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact & Department of Medicine McMaster University Hamilton Ontario Canada) Cemal Cingi (Eskisehir Osmangazi University Medical Faculty, ENT Department Eskisehir Turkey) Enrico Compalati (Scientific & Medical Department Lofarma S.p.A Milan Italy) Raquel Albuquerque Costa (MEDCIDS—Department of Community Medicine, Information and Health Decision Sciences, Faculty of Medicine University of Porto Porto Portugal) Olga Mariana Cunha (LAQV@REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy University of Porto Porto Portugal) Biljana Cvetkovski (Woolcock Institute of Medical Research Sydney Australia) Victoria Cardona‐Dahl (Allergy Section, Department of Internal Medicine Hospital Vall D'hebron Barcelona Spain) Gennaro D'Amato (Division of Respiratory and Allergic Diseases, High Specialty Hospital ‘A Cardarelli’, and Respiratory Allergy School of Specialization in Respiratory Diseases Federico II University of Naples Naples Italy) Janet Davies (Centre for Immunology and Infection Control, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Queensland University of Technology Brisbane Australia) Danilo Di Bona (University of Foggia Department of Medical and Surgical Science Foggia Italy) Sandra N. Gonzalez Diaz (Allergy and Clinical Immunology Centro Regional Hospital Universitario, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo Leon Monterrey Mexico) Maria V. Dimou (Allergy Department 2nd Pediatric Clinic, University of Athens Athens Greece) Maria Doulaptsi (Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery University of Crete, School of Medicine Heraklion Crete Greece) Renato Ferreira‐da‐Silva (MEDCIDS—Department of Community Medicine, Information and Health Decision Sciences, Faculty of Medicine University of Porto Porto Portugal) Radoslaw Gawlik (Department of Internal Diseases, Allergology and Clinical Immunology Medical University of Silesia in Katowice Katowice Poland) Mario Calvo‐Gil (Pediatrics Department Universidad Austral de Chile Valvidia Chile) Ozlem Goksel (Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Division of Immunology, Allergy and Asthma, Laboratory of Occupational and Environmental Respiratory Diseases, Faculty of Medicine Ege University, EgeSAM (Ege University Translational Pulmonary Research Center) Bornova Izmir Türkiye) Maximiliano R. Gómez (Faculty of Health Sciences Catholic University of Salta Salta Argentina) Maia Gotua (Center of Allergy and Immunology, and Georgian Academy of Allergy Asthma, and Clinical Immunology Tbilisi Georgia) Christos Grigoreas (Former President of the Hellenic Society of Allergology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology Air Force General Hospital Athens Greece) Ineta Grisle (Riga East University Hospital Riga Latvia) Maria Antonieta Guzman (Immunology and Allergy Division, Clinical Hospital University of Chile Santiago Chile) Rachel House Tan (Quality Use of Research Medicines Group Woolcock Institute of Medical Research Macquarie Park New South Wales Australia) Michael Hyland (Faculty of Health University of Plymouth Plymouth UK) Despo Ierodiakonou (Department of Primary Care and Population Health University of Nicosia Medical School Nicosia Cyprus) Aspasia Karavelia (Otolaryngology Department General Hospital of Kalamata Kalamata City Greece) Paul Keith (Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine McMaster University Hamilton Ontario Canada) Marta Kisiel (Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences Uppsala University Uppsala Sweden) Tanja Soklic Kosak (ORL SOKLIC KOSAK Ljubljana Slovenia) Mitja Kosnik (University Clinic of Respiratory and Allergic Diseases Golnik Slovenia) Ilgim Vardaloglu Koyuncu (Bagcilar Research and Training Hospital Department of Chest Diseases Istanbul Turkey) Vicky Kritikos (Clinical Management Group, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research Macquarie University Sydney New South Wales Australia) Justyna Litynska (Evidence Prime Kraków Poland) Carlo Lombardi (Departmental Unit of Allergology Clinical Immunology & Pneumology, Istituto Ospedaliero Fondazione Poliambulanza Brescia Italy) Gilles Louis (Department of Public Health University of Liège Liège Belgium) Matteo Martini (Allergy Unit, Department of Internal Medicine University Hospital AOU Delle Marche Ancona Italy) Cem Meço (Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery Ankara University Medical School Ankara Turkey) Eris Mesonjesi (Allergy & Clinical Immunology Department University Hospital Center “Mother Teresa” Tirana Albania) Florin Mihaltan (UMF‐University of Medicine and Pharmacy ‘Carol Davila’, Pneumology Department National Institute of Pneumology ‘Marius Nasta’ Bucharest Romania) Marcin Moniuszko (Department of Allergology and Internal Medicine Medical University of Bialystok Bialystok Poland) Robert N. Naclerio (Department of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck Surgery Johns Hopkins University Baltimore Maryland USA) Kari C. Nadeau (Department of Environmental Health, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health and Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Inflammation Beth Israel Deaconess Hospital Boston Massachusetts USA) Sophia Neisinger (Institute of Allergology Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt‐Universität Zu Berlin Berlin Germany) Markus Ollert (Department of Infection and Immunity Luxembourg Institute of Health Esch‐sur‐Alzette Luxembourg) Michal Ordak (Department of Pharmacotherapy and Pharmaceutical Care, Faculty of Pharmacy Medical University of Warsaw Warsaw Poland) Giovanni Paoletti (Department of Biomedical Science Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele Milan Italy) Hae‐Sim Park (Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology Ajou University School of Medicine Suwon Republic of Korea) Elena Parmelli (Asthma & Allergy Unit IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano Milan Italy) Edgar Arturo Perdomo‐Flores (Otorhinolaryngology and Neck Surgery Unit San Juan de Dios National Hospital San Miguel El Salvador) José Miguel Fuentes Pérez (Allergist Private Practice Mexico City Mexico) Nhan Pham‐Thi (Ecole Polytechnique de Palaiseau Palaiseau France) Emmanuel Prokopakis (Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery University of Crete, School of Medicine Heraklion Crete Greece) Inês Ribeiro‐Vaz (MEDCIDS—Department of Community Medicine, Information and Health Decision Sciences, Faculty of Medicine University of Porto Porto Portugal) Giovanni Rolla (Department of Medical Sciences University of Turin Turin Italy) Jan Romantowski (Department of Allergology Medical University of Gdansk Gdansk Poland) Philippe Rombaux (Department of Otorhinolaryngology Cliniques Universitaires Saint‐Luc Brussels Belgium) Philip W. Rouadi (Department of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck Surgery Eye and Ear University Hospital Beirut Lebanon) Maia Rukhadze (Center Allergy & Immunology/Geomedi Teaching University Faculty of Medicine Tbilisi Georgia) Dermot Ryan (Usher Institute University of Edinburgh Edinburgh UK) Ewelina Sadowska (Evidence Prime Kraków Poland) Daiju Sakurai (Department of Otorhinolaryngology Yamanashi University Yamanashi Japan) Laila Salameh (Mohammed Bin Rashid University (MBRU) Dubai Health Dubai UAE) Faradiba Serpa Sarquis (Asthma Reference Center—School of Medicine of Santa Casa de Misericórdia of Vitória Espírito Santo Brazil) Elie Serrano (Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery CHU Rangueil‐Larrey Toulouse France) Jane Da Silva (Allergy Service University Hospital Professor Polydoro Ernani de São Thiago (HU‐UFSC/EBSERH) Florianopolis Brazil) Michael Soyka (Otolaryngology‐HNS, University of Zurich University Hospital of Zurich Zurich Switzerland) Krzysztof Specjalski (Department of Allergology Medical University of Gdansk Gdansk Poland) Vesna Tomic‐Spiric (Clinic of Allergology and Immunology University Clinical Center of Serbia Belgrade Serbia) Katarina Stevanovic (Institute of Allergology Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt‐Universität Zu Berlin Berlin Germany) Abirami Subramaniam (Department of Respiratory Medicine, Medical Professorial Unit Tallaght University Hospital & Trinity College Dublin Ireland) Maria Do Ceu Teixeira (Dr Agostinho Neto University Hospital Praia Cabo Verde) Tuuli Thomander (MEDCIDS—Department of Community Medicine, Information and Health Decision Sciences, Faculty of Medicine University of Porto Porto Portugal) Martina Vachova (Department of Immunology and Allergology University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen Pilsen Czech Republic) Marianne van Hage (Department of Medicine Solna, Division of Immunology and Respiratory Medicine Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden) Pakit Vichyanond (Samitivej Allergy Institute Bangkok Thailand) Martin Wagenmann (Department of Otorhinolaryngology Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf Düsseldorf Germany) Fanny Wai San Ko (The Chinese University of Hong Kong Department of Medicine and Therapeutics Hong Kong China) Pascal Werminghaus (ENT and Allergology Düsseldorf Germany) Paraskevi Vicky Xepapadaki (Allergy Department 2nd Pediatric Clinic, University of Athens Athens Greece) Yi‐Kui Xiang (Institute of Allergology Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt‐Universität Zu Berlin Berlin Germany) Qintai Yang (The Third Affiliated Hospital of sun Yat‐Sen University Guangzhou China) Daniela Rivero Yeverino (Servicio de Alergia e Inmunología clínica Hospital Universitario de Puebla Puebla México) Jaron Zuberbier (Department of Otorhinolaryngology Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin Berlin Germany) João A. Fonseca (MEDCIDS—Department of Community Medicine, Information and Health Decision Sciences, Faculty of Medicine University of Porto Porto Portugal) Wiley