Bernardo Sousa‐Pinto (MEDCIDS—Department of Community Medicine, Information and Health Decision Sciences, Faculty of Medicine University of Porto Porto Portugal) Bernardo Sousa‐Pinto Jean Bousquet (Institute of Allergology Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt‐Universität Zu Berlin Berlin Germany) Jean Bousquet Rafael José Vieira (MEDCIDS—Department of Community Medicine, Information and Health Decision Sciences, Faculty of Medicine University of Porto Porto Portugal) Rafael José Vieira Holger J. Schünemann (Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Immunology and Allergology Berlin Germany) Holger J. Schünemann Torsten Zuberbier (Institute of Allergology Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt‐Universität Zu Berlin Berlin Germany) Torsten Zuberbier Antonio Bognanni (Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact & Department of Medicine McMaster University Hamilton Ontario Canada) Antonio Bognanni Alkis Togias (Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Transplantation (DAIT) National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH Bethesda Maryland USA) Alkis Togias Boleslaw Samolinski (Department of Prevention of Environmental Hazards, Allergology and Immunology Medical University of Warsaw Warsaw Poland) Boleslaw Samolinski Arunas Valiulis (Institute of Clinical Medicine and Institute of Health Sciences Medical Faculty of Vilnius University Vilnius Lithuania) Arunas Valiulis Sian Williams (International Primary Care Respiratory Group IPCRG Edinburgh UK) Sian Williams Anna Bedbrook (ARIA (Allergic Rhinitis and Its Impact on Asthma) Montpellier France) Anna Bedbrook Wienczyslawa Czarlewski (ARIA (Allergic Rhinitis and Its Impact on Asthma) Montpellier France) Wienczyslawa Czarlewski Maria Jose Torres (Allergy Unit Málaga Regional University Hospital of Málaga, Malaga University, ARADyAL Malaga Spain) Maria Jose Torres Mohamed H. Shamji (Immunomodulation and Tolerance Group and Allergy and Clinical Immunology Imperial College London London UK) Mohamed H. Shamji Mário Morais‐Almeida (Allergy Center CUF Descobertas Hospital Lisbon Portugal) Mário Morais‐Almeida G. Walter Canonica (Department of Biomedical Science Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele Milan Italy) G. Walter Canonica Leticia de las Vecillas (Department of Allergy Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research (IdiPAZ) Madrid Spain) Leticia de las Vecillas Mark S. Dykewicz (Section of Allergy and Immunology Saint Louis University School of Medicine Saint Louis Missouri USA) Mark S. Dykewicz Cristina Jacomelli (“Respiriamo Insieme” Association, Asthma & Allergy Center Padova Italy) Cristina Jacomelli Ludger Klimek (Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery Universitätsmedizin Mainz Mainz Germany) Ludger Klimek Lucas Leemann (Department of Political Science University of Zürich Zürich Switzerland) Lucas Leemann Olga Lourenço (RISE‐Health, Department of Medical Sciences Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior Covilhã Portugal) Olga Lourenço Yuliia Palamarchuk (Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI) Atmospheric Composition Research Helsinki Finland) Yuliia Palamarchuk Nikolaos G. Papadopoulos (Allergy Department 2nd Pediatric Clinic, University of Athens Athens Greece) Nikolaos G. Papadopoulos Ana Margarida Pereira (MEDCIDS—Department of Community Medicine, Information and Health Decision Sciences, Faculty of Medicine University of Porto Porto Portugal) Ana Margarida Pereira Marine Savouré (Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal) Barcelona Spain) Marine Savouré Sanna K. Toppila‐Salmi (Department of Allergy, Skin and Allergy Hospital, Inflammation Center Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland) Sanna K. Toppila‐Salmi Maria Teresa Ventura (University of Bari Medical School Bari Italy) Maria Teresa Ventura Juan José Yepes‐Nuñez (School of Medicine Universidad de los Andes Bogotá D. C. Colombia) Juan José Yepes‐Nuñez Alvaro A. Cruz (Fundacao ProAR and (Faculdade de Medicina da) Universidade Federal da Bahia Salvador Bahia Brazil) Alvaro A. Cruz Giorgio Ciprandi (Casa di Cura Villa Montallegro Allergology Department Genova Italy) Giorgio Ciprandi Bilun Gemicioglu (Department of Pulmonary Diseases and Institute of Pulmonology and Tuberculosis Istanbul University‐Cerrahpaşa, Cerrahpaşa Faculty of Medicine Istanbul Turkey) Bilun Gemicioglu Mattia Giovannini (Department of Health Sciences University of Florence Florence Italy) Mattia Giovannini Brigita Gradauskiene (Department of Immunology and Allergology Lithuanian University of Health Sciences Kaunas Lithuania) Brigita Gradauskiene Tuomas Jartti (Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine University of Turku, Turku University Hospital Turku Finland) Tuomas Jartti Miloš Jeseňák (Institute of Clinical Immunology and Medical Genetics, Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Department of Pulmonology and Phthisiology Jessenius Faculty of Medicine Martin Slovakia) Miloš Jeseňák Piotr Kuna (Division of Internal Medicine, Asthma and Allergy Barlicki University Hospital, Medical University of Lodz Lodz Poland) Piotr Kuna Violeta Kvedariene (Institute of Clinical Medicine, Clinic of Chest Diseases and Allergology, Faculty of Medicine Vilnius University Vilnius Lithuania) Violeta Kvedariene Désirée E. Larenas‐Linnemann (Center of Excellence in Asthma and Allergy Médica Sur Clinical Foundation and Hospital México City Mexico) Désirée E. Larenas‐Linnemann Amir HA Latiff (Allergy & Immunology Centre Pantai Hospital Kuala Lumpur Kuala Lumpur Malaysia) Amir HA Latiff Yousser Mohammad (National Center for Research in Chronic Respiratory Diseases, Collaborating With WHO—EMRO Tishreen University School of Medicine Latakia Syria) Yousser Mohammad Ken Ohta (Japan Antituberculosis Association (JATA) Fukujuji Hospital Tokyo Japan) Ken Ohta Padukudru A. Mahesh (Department of Respiratory Medicine JSS Medical College, JSSAHER Mysuru Mysore Karnataka India) Padukudru A. Mahesh Isabella Pali‐Schöll (Departement of Biological Sciences and Pathophysiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria) Isabella Pali‐Schöll Oliver Pfaar (Section of Rhinology and Allergy, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery University Hospital Marburg, Philipps‐Universität Marburg Marburg Germany) Oliver Pfaar Frederico S. Regateiro (Allergy and Clinical Immunology Department Hospitais da Universidade de Coimbra, Unidade Local de Saúde de Coimbra Coimbra Portugal) Frederico S. Regateiro Nicolas Roche (Pneumologie AP‐HP Centre Université de Paris Cité, Hôpital Cochin Paris France) Nicolas Roche Luís Taborda‐Barata (UBIAir—Clinical & Experimental Lung Centre and CICS‐UBI Health Sciences Research Centre University of Beira Interior Covilhã Portugal) Luís Taborda‐Barata Charlotte Suppli Ulrik (Department of Respiratory Medicine Copenhagen University Hospital‐Hvidovre Copenhagen Denmark) Charlotte Suppli Ulrik Marylin Valentin Rostan (Pediatrics, Allergy & Immunology, Latín American Society of Allergy Asthma & Immunology (SLAAi) Montevideo Uruguay) Marylin Valentin Rostan Giovanni Viegi (Pulmonary Environmental Epidemiology Unit CNR Institute of Clinical Physiology Pisa Italy) Giovanni Viegi Luo Zhang (Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery Beijing TongRen Hospital and Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology Beijing China) Luo Zhang Tari Haahtela (Skin and Allergy Hospital Helsinki University Hospital, and University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland) Tari Haahtela Ivan Cherrez‐Ojeda (Universidad Espíritu Santo Samborondón Ecuador) Ivan Cherrez‐Ojeda Juan Carlos Ivancevich (Servicio de Alergia e Immunologia Clinica Santa Isabel Buenos Aires Argentina) Juan Carlos Ivancevich Nikolai Khaltaev (Global NCD Platform Geneva Switzerland) Nikolai Khaltaev Arzu Yorgancioglu (Department of Pulmonary Diseases Celal Bayar University, Faculty of Medicine Manisa Turkey) Arzu Yorgancioglu Baharudin Abdullah (Department of Otorhinolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medical Sciences Universiti Sains Malaysia Kubang Kerian Kelantan Malaysia) Baharudin Abdullah Mona Al‐Ahmad (Microbiology Department College of Medicine, Kuwait University Kuwait City Kuwait) Mona Al‐Ahmad Maryam Ali Al‐Nesf (Adult Allergy and Immunology Division—Hamad Medical Corporation Doha Qatar) Maryam Ali Al‐Nesf Rita Amaral (MEDCIDS—Department of Community Medicine, Information and Health Decision Sciences, Faculty of Medicine University of Porto Porto Portugal) Rita Amaral Julijana Asllani (Department of Internal Medicine University of Medicine Tirana Albania) Julijana Asllani Karl‐C Bergmann (Institute of Allergology Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt‐Universität Zu Berlin Berlin Germany) Karl‐C Bergmann Jonathan A. Bernstein (Division of Immunology, Allergy and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine University of Cincinnati College of Medicine Cincinnati Ohio USA) Jonathan A. Bernstein Michael S. Blaiss (Department of Pediatrics Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University Augusta Georgia USA) Michael S. Blaiss Fulvio Braido (Department of Internal Medicine (DIMI) University of Genoa Genoa Italy) Fulvio Braido Paulo Camargos (Department of Pediatrics, Medical School Federal University of Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte Brazil) Paulo Camargos Pedro Carreiro‐Martins (NOVA Medical School/Comprehensive Health Research Centre (CHRC) Lisbon Portugal) Pedro Carreiro‐Martins Thomas Casale (Division of Allergy/Immunology University of South Florida Tampa Florida USA) Thomas Casale Lorenzo Cecchi (SOS Allergology and Clinical Immunology USL Toscana Centro Prato Italy) Lorenzo Cecchi Alessandro Fiocchi (Allergy, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Rome Italy) Alessandro Fiocchi Antonio F. M. Giuliano (Department of Internal Medicine ‘A. Murri’ and Unit of Geriatric Immunoallergology University of Bari Medical School Bari Italy) Antonio F. M. Giuliano George Christoff (Faculty of Public Health Sofia Medical University Sofia Bulgaria) George Christoff Ieva Cirule (Latvian Association of Allergists University Children Hospital Riga Latvia) Ieva Cirule Jaime Correia de Sousa (Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine University of Minho Braga Portugal) Jaime Correia de Sousa Elisio M. Costa (CINTESIS@RISE, Biochemistry Lab, Faculty of Pharmacy and Competence Center on Active and Healthy Ageing University of Porto Porto Portugal) Elisio M. Costa Stefano Del Giacco (Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health and Unit of Allergy and Clinical Immunology University Hospital “Duilio Casula”, University of Cagliari Cagliari Italy) Stefano Del Giacco Philippe Devillier (VIM Suresnes, UMR 0892, Pôle Des Maladies Des Voies Respiratoires, Hôpital Foch Université Paris‐Saclay Suresnes France) Philippe Devillier Dejan Dokic (Medical Faculty Skopje University Clinic of Pulmology and Allergy Skopje Republic of North Macedonia) Dejan Dokic Elham Hossny (Pediatric Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology Unit Children's Hospital, Ain Shams University Cairo Egypt) Elham Hossny Tomohisa Iinuma (Department of Otorhinolaryngology Chiba University Chiba Japan) Tomohisa Iinuma Carla Irani (Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases St Joseph University, Hotel Dieu de France Hospital Beirut Lebanon) Carla Irani Zhanat Ispayeva (Department of Allergology and Clinical Immunology, Kazakhstan Association of Allergology and Clinical Immunology Kazakh National Medical University Almaty Kazakhstan) Zhanat Ispayeva Kaja Julge (Institute of Clinical Medicine Children's Clinic, Tartu University Tartu Estonia) Kaja Julge Igor Kaidashev (Poltava State Medical University Immunology & Allergology Department Poltava Ukraine) Igor Kaidashev Kazi S. Bennoor (Department of Respiratory Medicine National Institute of Diseases of the Chest and Hospital Dhaka Bangladesh) Kazi S. Bennoor Helga Kraxner (Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery Semmelweis University Budapest Hungary) Helga Kraxner Inger Kull (Department of Clinical Science and Education Södersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden) Inger Kull Marek Kulus (Department of Pediatric Respiratory Diseases and Allergology Medical University of Warsaw Warsaw Poland) Marek Kulus Maciej Kupczyk (Division of Internal Medicine, Asthma and Allergy Barlicki University Hospital, Medical University of Lodz Lodz Poland) Maciej Kupczyk Andriy Kurchenko (Department of Clinical and Laboratory Immunology, Allergology and Medical Genetics Bogomolets National Medical University Kyiv Ukraine) Andriy Kurchenko Stefania La Grutta (Institute of Translational Pharmacology (IFT)‐National Research Council (CNR) Palermo Italy) Stefania La Grutta Neven Miculinic (Croatian Pulmonary Society Clinical Center for Pulmonary Diseases Zagreb Croatia) Neven Miculinic Lan Le Thi Tuyet (Asthma, COPD Outpatient Care Unit University Medical Center Hô‐Chi‐Minh City Vietnam) Lan Le Thi Tuyet Michael Makris (Allergy Unit “D Kalogeromitros”, 2nd Department of Dermatology and Venereology, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens “Attikon” University Hospital Athens Greece) Michael Makris Branislava Milenkovic (Clinic for Pulmonary Diseases, Clinical Center of Serbia, Faculty of Medicine University of Belgrade, Serbian Association for Asthma and COPD Belgrade Serbia) Branislava Milenkovic Sang Min Lee (Division of Respiratory Disease and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine Dankook University College of Medicine Cheonan Republic of Korea) Sang Min Lee Stephen Montefort (Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery University of Malta Msida Malta) Stephen Montefort Andre Moreira (EPIUnit‐Institute of Public Health University of Porto, and Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR) Porto Portugal) Andre Moreira Joaquim Mullol (Rhinology Unit & Smell Clinic, ENT Department Hospital Clínic Barcelona Spain) Joaquim Mullol Rachel Nadif (Inserm Equipe D'epidémiologie Respiratoire Intégrative, CESP Villejuif France) Rachel Nadif Alla Nakonechna (Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust London UK) Alla Nakonechna Hugo E. Neffen (Center of Allergy, Immunology and Respiratory Diseases Santa Fe Argentina) Hugo E. Neffen Marek Niedoszytko (Department of Allergology Medical University of Gdansk Gdansk Poland) Marek Niedoszytko Dieudonné Nyembue (ENT Department University Hospital of Kinshasa Kinshasa Democratic Republic of the Congo) Dieudonné Nyembue Robyn E. O'Hehir (Allergy, Asthma and Clinical Immunology, Alfred Health and Department of Immunology, Central Clinical School Monash University Melbourne Victoria Australia) Robyn E. O'Hehir Ismail Ogulur (Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF) University of Zurich Davos Switzerland) Ismail Ogulur Yoshitaka Okamoto (Chiba Rosai Hospital ENT Department Chiba Japan) Yoshitaka Okamoto Heidi Olze (Department of Otorhinolaryngology Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin Berlin Germany) Heidi Olze Oscar Palomares (Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Chemistry Complutense University of Madrid Madrid Spain) Oscar Palomares Petr Panzner (Department of Immunology and Allergology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen Charles University Prague Czech Republic) Petr Panzner Vincenzo Patella (Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology Department of Medicine, “Santa Maria della Speranza” Hospital, Battipaglia Salerno Italy) Vincenzo Patella Ruby Pawankar (Department of Pediatrics Nippon Medical School Tokyo Japan) Ruby Pawankar Constantinos Pitsios (Medical School University of Cyprus Nicosia Cyprus) Constantinos Pitsios Todor A. Popov (Clinic of Occupational Diseases University Hospital Sveti Ivan Rilski Sofia Bulgaria) Todor A. Popov Francesca Puggioni (IRCCS Humanitas Research Center Personalized Medicine Asthma & Allergy, Rozzano Milan Italy) Francesca Puggioni Santiago Quirce (Department of Allergy Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research (IdiPAZ) Madrid Spain) Santiago Quirce Agné Ramonaité (Department of Pulmonology and Allergology Klaipeda National Hospital Klaipėda Lithuania) Agné Ramonaité Marysia Recto (Division of Adult and Pediatric Allergy and Immunology University of the Philippines—Philippines General Hospital Manila Philippines) Marysia Recto Maria Susana Repka‐Ramirez (Department of Allergy Clinics Hospital, National University San Lorenzo Paraguay) Maria Susana Repka‐Ramirez Graham Roberts (Faculty of Medicine University of Southampton Southampton UK) Graham Roberts Karla Robles‐Velasco (Universidad Espíritu Santo Samborondón Ecuador) Karla Robles‐Velasco Menachem Rottem (Division of Allergy, Asthma and Clinical Immunology Emek Medical Center Afula Israel) Menachem Rottem Marianella Salapatas (Aria Asthma, Rhinitis, Immunology & Allergy Department Athens Greece) Marianella Salapatas Joaquin Sastre (Allergy Service, Fundacion Jimenez Diaz Autonoma University of Madrid, CIBERES‐ISCIII Madrid Spain) Joaquin Sastre Nicola Scichilone (PROMISE Department University of Palermo Palermo Italy) Nicola Scichilone Juan‐Carlos Sisul (Allergy & Asthma Medical Director, CLINICA SISUL, FACAAI, SPAAI Asuncion Paraguay) Juan‐Carlos Sisul Dirceu Solé (Division of Allergy, Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics Federal University of São Paulo São Paulo Brazil) Dirceu Solé Manuel E. Soto‐Martinez (Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Pediatrics Hospital Nacional de Niños, Universidad de Costa Rica San Jose Costa Rica) Manuel E. Soto‐Martinez Milan Sova (Department of Respiratory Medicine and Tuberculosis University Hospital Brno Czech Republic) Milan Sova Pongsakorn Tantilipikorn (Department of Otolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital Mahidol University Bangkok Thailand) Pongsakorn Tantilipikorn Ana Todo‐Bom (Imunoalergologia, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Coimbra, Faculty of Medicine University of Coimbra Coimbra Portugal) Ana Todo‐Bom Vladyslav Tsaryk (Department of Clinical and Laboratory Immunology, Allergology and Medical Genetics Bogomolets National Medical University Kyiv Ukraine) Vladyslav Tsaryk Ioanna Tsiligianni (International Primary Care Respiratory Group IPCRG Aberdeen UK) Ioanna Tsiligianni Marilyn Urrutia‐Pereira (Federal University of Pampa Department of Medicine Uruguaiana Brazil) Marilyn Urrutia‐Pereira Erkka Valovirta (Department of Lung Diseases and Clinical Immunology University of Turku Turku Finland) Erkka Valovirta Tuula Vasankari (FiLHA Finnish Lung Health Association Helsinki Finland) Tuula Vasankari Dana Wallace (Nova Southeastern University College of Allopathic Medicine Fort Lauderdale Florida USA) Dana Wallace De Yun Wang (Department of Otolaryngology Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore Singapore Republic of Singapore) De Yun Wang Margitta Worm (Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Dermatology, Allergy and Venerology Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin Berlin Germany) Margitta Worm Osman M. Yusuf (The Allergy and Asthma Institute Allergy & Asthma Department Islamabad Pakistan) Osman M. Yusuf Mihaela Zidarn (University Clinic of Respiratory and Allergic Diseases Pulmonary & Allergy Department Golnik Slovenia) Mihaela Zidarn Sara Gil‐Mata (MEDCIDS—Department of Community Medicine, Information and Health Decision Sciences, Faculty of Medicine University of Porto Porto Portugal) Sara Gil‐Mata Manuel Marques‐Cruz (MEDCIDS—Department of Community Medicine, Information and Health Decision Sciences, Faculty of Medicine University of Porto Porto Portugal) Manuel Marques‐Cruz Bassam Mahboub (Pulmonary Department Rashid Hospital, DUBAI Health Dubai UAE) Bassam Mahboub Ignacio J. Ansotegui (Department of Allergy and Immunology Hospital Quironsalud Bizkaia Bilbao Spain) Ignacio J. Ansotegui Antonino Romano (Oasi Research Institute‐IRCCS Troina Italy) Antonino Romano Werner Aberer (Department of Dermatology Medical University of Graz Graz Austria) Werner Aberer Maria Cristina Artesani (Allergy, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Rome Italy) Maria Cristina Artesani Elena Azzolini (Asthma & Allergy Unit IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano Milan Italy) Elena Azzolini Bruno Barreto (Department of Allergy and Immunology Para State University Center—CESUPA Belém Brazil) Bruno Barreto Joan Bartra (Allergy Department Hospital Clinic and IDIBAPS. Universitat de Barcelona Barcelona Spain) Joan Bartra Sven Becker (Department for Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery University of Tübingen Tübingen Germany) Sven Becker Bianca Beghe (Respiratory Medicine University of Modena & Reggio Emilia, Azienda Ospedaliera‐Universitaria di Modena Modena Italy) Bianca Beghe Attilio Boner (Pediatric Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, Dentistry, Gynecology and Pediatrics University of Verona Verona Italy) Attilio Boner Ewa Borowiack (Evidence Prime Kraków Poland) Ewa Borowiack Jacques Bouchard (Laval University Quebec City Quebec Canada) Jacques Bouchard Melisande Bourgoin‐Heck (Department of Pediatric Allergology Armand Trousseau University Hospital, Sorbonne University, AP‐HP Paris France) Melisande Bourgoin‐Heck Luisa Brussino (Department of Medical Sciences University of Turin Turin Italy) Luisa Brussino Roland Buhl (Department of Pulmonary Medicine Mainz University Hospital Mainz Germany) Roland Buhl José Antonio Castillo‐Vizuete (Pneumology Department Hospital Universitari Dexeus Barcelona Spain) José Antonio Castillo‐Vizuete Denis Charpin (Clinique Des Bronches, Allergie et Sommeil Hôpital Nord Marseille France) Denis Charpin Niels H. Chavannes (Department of Public Health and Primary Care Leiden University Medical Centre Leiden the Netherlands) Niels H. Chavannes Marta Chełmińska (Department of Pulmonology and Allergology Medical University of Gdańsk Gdańsk Poland) Marta Chełmińska Lei Cheng (Department of Allergology and Otorhinolaryngology The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China) Lei Cheng Ekaterine Chkhartishvili (Allergist David Tvildiani Medical University Tbilisi Georgia) Ekaterine Chkhartishvili Seong H. Cho (University of South Florida College of Médicine, Division of Allergy‐Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine Tampa Florida USA) Seong H. Cho Herberto Jose Chong‐Neto (Associate Professor of Pediatrics, Division of Allergy and Immunology Federal University of Parana Curitiba Brazil) Herberto Jose Chong‐Neto Deepa Choudhury (Paediatric Allergy Clinic, Department of Dermatology, Amersham Hospital NHS Hospital Trust Amersham UK) Deepa Choudhury Derek K. Chu (Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact & Department of Medicine McMaster University Hamilton Ontario Canada) Derek K. Chu Cemal Cingi (Eskisehir Osmangazi University Medical Faculty, ENT Department Eskisehir Turkey) Cemal Cingi Enrico Compalati (Scientific & Medical Department Lofarma S.p.A Milan Italy) Enrico Compalati Raquel Albuquerque Costa (MEDCIDS—Department of Community Medicine, Information and Health Decision Sciences, Faculty of Medicine University of Porto Porto Portugal) Raquel Albuquerque Costa Olga Mariana Cunha (LAQV@REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy University of Porto Porto Portugal) Olga Mariana Cunha Biljana Cvetkovski (Woolcock Institute of Medical Research Sydney Australia) Biljana Cvetkovski Victoria Cardona‐Dahl (Allergy Section, Department of Internal Medicine Hospital Vall D'hebron Barcelona Spain) Victoria Cardona‐Dahl Gennaro D'Amato (Division of Respiratory and Allergic Diseases, High Specialty Hospital ‘A Cardarelli’, and Respiratory Allergy School of Specialization in Respiratory Diseases Federico II University of Naples Naples Italy) Gennaro D'Amato Janet Davies (Centre for Immunology and Infection Control, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Queensland University of Technology Brisbane Australia) Janet Davies Danilo Di Bona (University of Foggia Department of Medical and Surgical Science Foggia Italy) Danilo Di Bona Sandra N. Gonzalez Diaz (Allergy and Clinical Immunology Centro Regional Hospital Universitario, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo Leon Monterrey Mexico) Sandra N. Gonzalez Diaz Maria V. Dimou (Allergy Department 2nd Pediatric Clinic, University of Athens Athens Greece) Maria V. Dimou Maria Doulaptsi (Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery University of Crete, School of Medicine Heraklion Crete Greece) Maria Doulaptsi Renato Ferreira‐da‐Silva (MEDCIDS—Department of Community Medicine, Information and Health Decision Sciences, Faculty of Medicine University of Porto Porto Portugal) Renato Ferreira‐da‐Silva Radoslaw Gawlik (Department of Internal Diseases, Allergology and Clinical Immunology Medical University of Silesia in Katowice Katowice Poland) Radoslaw Gawlik Mario Calvo‐Gil (Pediatrics Department Universidad Austral de Chile Valvidia Chile) Mario Calvo‐Gil Ozlem Goksel (Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Division of Immunology, Allergy and Asthma, Laboratory of Occupational and Environmental Respiratory Diseases, Faculty of Medicine Ege University, EgeSAM (Ege University Translational Pulmonary Research Center) Bornova Izmir Türkiye) Ozlem Goksel Maximiliano R. Gómez (Faculty of Health Sciences Catholic University of Salta Salta Argentina) Maximiliano R. Gómez Maia Gotua (Center of Allergy and Immunology, and Georgian Academy of Allergy Asthma, and Clinical Immunology Tbilisi Georgia) Maia Gotua Christos Grigoreas (Former President of the Hellenic Society of Allergology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology Air Force General Hospital Athens Greece) Christos Grigoreas Ineta Grisle (Riga East University Hospital Riga Latvia) Ineta Grisle Maria Antonieta Guzman (Immunology and Allergy Division, Clinical Hospital University of Chile Santiago Chile) Maria Antonieta Guzman Rachel House Tan (Quality Use of Research Medicines Group Woolcock Institute of Medical Research Macquarie Park New South Wales Australia) Rachel House Tan Michael Hyland (Faculty of Health University of Plymouth Plymouth UK) Michael Hyland Despo Ierodiakonou (Department of Primary Care and Population Health University of Nicosia Medical School Nicosia Cyprus) Despo Ierodiakonou Aspasia Karavelia (Otolaryngology Department General Hospital of Kalamata Kalamata City Greece) Aspasia Karavelia Paul Keith (Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine McMaster University Hamilton Ontario Canada) Paul Keith Marta Kisiel (Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences Uppsala University Uppsala Sweden) Marta Kisiel Tanja Soklic Kosak (ORL SOKLIC KOSAK Ljubljana Slovenia) Tanja Soklic Kosak Mitja Kosnik (University Clinic of Respiratory and Allergic Diseases Golnik Slovenia) Mitja Kosnik Ilgim Vardaloglu Koyuncu (Bagcilar Research and Training Hospital Department of Chest Diseases Istanbul Turkey) Ilgim Vardaloglu Koyuncu Vicky Kritikos (Clinical Management Group, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research Macquarie University Sydney New South Wales Australia) Vicky Kritikos Justyna Litynska (Evidence Prime Kraków Poland) Justyna Litynska Carlo Lombardi (Departmental Unit of Allergology Clinical Immunology & Pneumology, Istituto Ospedaliero Fondazione Poliambulanza Brescia Italy) Carlo Lombardi Gilles Louis (Department of Public Health University of Liège Liège Belgium) Gilles Louis Matteo Martini (Allergy Unit, Department of Internal Medicine University Hospital AOU Delle Marche Ancona Italy) Matteo Martini Cem Meço (Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery Ankara University Medical School Ankara Turkey) Cem Meço Eris Mesonjesi (Allergy & Clinical Immunology Department University Hospital Center “Mother Teresa” Tirana Albania) Eris Mesonjesi Florin Mihaltan (UMF‐University of Medicine and Pharmacy ‘Carol Davila’, Pneumology Department National Institute of Pneumology ‘Marius Nasta’ Bucharest Romania) Florin Mihaltan Marcin Moniuszko (Department of Allergology and Internal Medicine Medical University of Bialystok Bialystok Poland) Marcin Moniuszko Robert N. Naclerio (Department of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck Surgery Johns Hopkins University Baltimore Maryland USA) Robert N. Naclerio Kari C. Nadeau (Department of Environmental Health, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health and Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Inflammation Beth Israel Deaconess Hospital Boston Massachusetts USA) Kari C. Nadeau Sophia Neisinger (Institute of Allergology Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt‐Universität Zu Berlin Berlin Germany) Sophia Neisinger Markus Ollert (Department of Infection and Immunity Luxembourg Institute of Health Esch‐sur‐Alzette Luxembourg) Markus Ollert Michal Ordak (Department of Pharmacotherapy and Pharmaceutical Care, Faculty of Pharmacy Medical University of Warsaw Warsaw Poland) Michal Ordak Giovanni Paoletti (Department of Biomedical Science Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele Milan Italy) Giovanni Paoletti Hae‐Sim Park (Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology Ajou University School of Medicine Suwon Republic of Korea) Hae‐Sim Park Elena Parmelli (Asthma & Allergy Unit IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano Milan Italy) Elena Parmelli Edgar Arturo Perdomo‐Flores (Otorhinolaryngology and Neck Surgery Unit San Juan de Dios National Hospital San Miguel El Salvador) Edgar Arturo Perdomo‐Flores José Miguel Fuentes Pérez (Allergist Private Practice Mexico City Mexico) José Miguel Fuentes Pérez Nhan Pham‐Thi (Ecole Polytechnique de Palaiseau Palaiseau France) Nhan Pham‐Thi Emmanuel Prokopakis (Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery University of Crete, School of Medicine Heraklion Crete Greece) Emmanuel Prokopakis Inês Ribeiro‐Vaz (MEDCIDS—Department of Community Medicine, Information and Health Decision Sciences, Faculty of Medicine University of Porto Porto Portugal) Inês Ribeiro‐Vaz Giovanni Rolla (Department of Medical Sciences University of Turin Turin Italy) Giovanni Rolla Jan Romantowski (Department of Allergology Medical University of Gdansk Gdansk Poland) Jan Romantowski Philippe Rombaux (Department of Otorhinolaryngology Cliniques Universitaires Saint‐Luc Brussels Belgium) Philippe Rombaux Philip W. Rouadi (Department of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck Surgery Eye and Ear University Hospital Beirut Lebanon) Philip W. Rouadi Maia Rukhadze (Center Allergy & Immunology/Geomedi Teaching University Faculty of Medicine Tbilisi Georgia) Maia Rukhadze Dermot Ryan (Usher Institute University of Edinburgh Edinburgh UK) Dermot Ryan Ewelina Sadowska (Evidence Prime Kraków Poland) Ewelina Sadowska Daiju Sakurai (Department of Otorhinolaryngology Yamanashi University Yamanashi Japan) Daiju Sakurai Laila Salameh (Mohammed Bin Rashid University (MBRU) Dubai Health Dubai UAE) Laila Salameh Faradiba Serpa Sarquis (Asthma Reference Center—School of Medicine of Santa Casa de Misericórdia of Vitória Espírito Santo Brazil) Faradiba Serpa Sarquis Elie Serrano (Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery CHU Rangueil‐Larrey Toulouse France) Elie Serrano Jane Da Silva (Allergy Service University Hospital Professor Polydoro Ernani de São Thiago (HU‐UFSC/EBSERH) Florianopolis Brazil) Jane Da Silva Michael Soyka (Otolaryngology‐HNS, University of Zurich University Hospital of Zurich Zurich Switzerland) Michael Soyka Krzysztof Specjalski (Department of Allergology Medical University of Gdansk Gdansk Poland) Krzysztof Specjalski Vesna Tomic‐Spiric (Clinic of Allergology and Immunology University Clinical Center of Serbia Belgrade Serbia) Vesna Tomic‐Spiric Katarina Stevanovic (Institute of Allergology Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt‐Universität Zu Berlin Berlin Germany) Katarina Stevanovic Abirami Subramaniam (Department of Respiratory Medicine, Medical Professorial Unit Tallaght University Hospital & Trinity College Dublin Ireland) Abirami Subramaniam Maria Do Ceu Teixeira (Dr Agostinho Neto University Hospital Praia Cabo Verde) Maria Do Ceu Teixeira Tuuli Thomander (MEDCIDS—Department of Community Medicine, Information and Health Decision Sciences, Faculty of Medicine University of Porto Porto Portugal) Tuuli Thomander Martina Vachova (Department of Immunology and Allergology University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen Pilsen Czech Republic) Martina Vachova Marianne van Hage (Department of Medicine Solna, Division of Immunology and Respiratory Medicine Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden) Marianne van Hage Pakit Vichyanond (Samitivej Allergy Institute Bangkok Thailand) Pakit Vichyanond Martin Wagenmann (Department of Otorhinolaryngology Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf Düsseldorf Germany) Martin Wagenmann Fanny Wai San Ko (The Chinese University of Hong Kong Department of Medicine and Therapeutics Hong Kong China) Fanny Wai San Ko Pascal Werminghaus (ENT and Allergology Düsseldorf Germany) Pascal Werminghaus Paraskevi Vicky Xepapadaki (Allergy Department 2nd Pediatric Clinic, University of Athens Athens Greece) Paraskevi Vicky Xepapadaki Yi‐Kui Xiang (Institute of Allergology Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt‐Universität Zu Berlin Berlin Germany) Yi‐Kui Xiang Qintai Yang (The Third Affiliated Hospital of sun Yat‐Sen University Guangzhou China) Qintai Yang Daniela Rivero Yeverino (Servicio de Alergia e Inmunología clínica Hospital Universitario de Puebla Puebla México) Daniela Rivero Yeverino Jaron Zuberbier (Department of Otorhinolaryngology Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin Berlin Germany) Jaron Zuberbier João A. Fonseca (MEDCIDS—Department of Community Medicine, Information and Health Decision Sciences, Faculty of Medicine University of Porto Porto Portugal) João A. Fonseca Wiley 2025 Background Allergic rhinitis (AR) impacts quality of life, work and school productivity. Over the last years, an important body of evidence resulting from mHealth data has led to a better understanding of AR. Such advances have motivated an EAACI-endorsed update of the Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) guidelines (ARIA 2024–2025). This manuscript presents the ARIA 2024–2025 recommendations for intranasal treatments, one of the mainstays for AR management. Methods The ARIA 2024–2025 guideline panel issued recommendations following the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) evidence-to-decision framework. Several sources of evidence were used to inform panel judgments and recommendations, including systematic reviews, evaluation of mHealth and pharmacovigilance data, as well as a survey of experts on costs. Results Eleven guideline questions concerning intranasal treatments for AR were prioritized, leading to recommendations. Overall, these questions concern the choice between different classes of intranasal medications—most notably, intranasal corticosteroids (INCS), antihistamines (INAH), fixed combinations of INAH+INCS and decongestants—or between different individual medications within each class. Four questions had not been evaluated in previous ARIA guidelines, while for the other three there was a change in the strength or directionality of recommendations. Overall, recommendations point to the suggested use of INAH+INCS over INAH or INCS and INCS over INAH. Conclusion This ARIA 2024–2025 article supports patients, their caregivers, and healthcare professionals in choosing an intranasal treatment. However, decisions on AR treatment should consider the clinical variability of the disease, patients' values, and the affordability of medications. Online Version of Record before inclusion in an issue PDFDocument eng 2026-02-25T09:05:32.901522Z 2025 Allergic Rhinitis Guidelines Intranasal Antihistamines Intranasal Corticosteroids 1204025 b application/pdf http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/