<oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
  <dc:description xml:lang="eng">Both human children and animals seek information following a violation-of-expectation event, but little research suggests the latter do so for the sake of it. In this preregistered experiment, we compared epistemic curiosity—the pursuit of information for its own sake—in kea parrots (Nestor notabilis) and three-year-old human children (Homo sapiens) following a violation-of-expectation event. Subjects were trained to push a tool into an apparatus that produced a reward before the apparatus was surreptitiously made non-functional in following trials. In both functional and non-functional trials, after solving the task, subjects were rewarded and allowed to explore the apparatus for thirty seconds with the opportunity to peek into the side of the apparatus. We found that relatively more kea peeked than children, but the children and not the kea were significantly more likely to peek in the non-functional versus functional trials, particularly when the researcher was absent. While both species showed markers of curiosity in the experiment, we found expectancy-violation-induced epistemic curiosity only in the children and not the kea in this context.</dc:description>
  <dc:rights>http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</dc:rights>
  <dc:type xml:lang="deu">Text</dc:type>
  <dc:type xml:lang="deu">Wissenschaftlicher Artikel</dc:type>
  <dc:publisher>MIT Press</dc:publisher>
  <dc:identifier>doi:10.1162/OPMI.a.34</dc:identifier>
  <dc:rights xml:lang="eng">Copyright: © 2025 Gabriella E. Smith, Megan L. Lambert, Eliza Swindell, Jan M. Engelmann, and Christoph J. Völter</dc:rights>
  <dc:rights xml:lang="eng">open access</dc:rights>
  <dc:source xml:lang="eng">Open Mind</dc:source>
  <dc:date>2025</dc:date>
  <dc:title xml:lang="eng">Epistemic Curiosity in Kea Parrots and Human Children</dc:title>
  <dc:language>eng</dc:language>
  <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
  <dc:type xml:lang="eng">Text</dc:type>
  <dc:type xml:lang="eng">journal article</dc:type>
  <dc:type xml:lang="ita">Testo</dc:type>
  <dc:type xml:lang="ita">Articolo di rivista</dc:type>
  <dc:creator>Gabriella E. Smith (Comparative Cognition, Messerli Research Institute, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria)</dc:creator>
  <dc:creator>Megan L. Lambert (Comparative Cognition, Messerli Research Institute, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria)</dc:creator>
  <dc:creator>Eliza Swindell (Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA)</dc:creator>
  <dc:creator>Jan M. Engelmann (Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA)</dc:creator>
  <dc:creator>Christoph J. Völter (Comparative Cognition, Messerli Research Institute, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria)</dc:creator>
  <dc:subject xml:lang="eng">Epistemic Curiosity</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xml:lang="eng">Information Seeking</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xml:lang="eng">Violation-Of-Expectation</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xml:lang="eng">Kea Parrot</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xml:lang="eng">Children</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xml:lang="eng">Curiosity</dc:subject>
  <dc:identifier>https://phaidra.vetmeduni.ac.at/o:4713</dc:identifier>
</oai_dc:dc>