https://phaidra.vetmeduni.ac.at/o:4672 Supporting Information - S1, S2, Fig. S1 : Leukocyte Coping Capacity: An Integrative Parameter for Wildlife Welfare Within Conservation Interventions Huber, Nikolaus Nikolaus Huber 0000-0002-2371-5645 Marasco, Valeria Valeria Marasco 0000-0002-2981-7909 Painer, Johanna Johanna Painer 0000-0003-3929-511X Vetter, Sebastian G. Sebastian G. Vetter 0000-0001-5374-5872 Göritz, Frank Frank Göritz Department of Reproduction Management, Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Berlin, Germany Kaczensky, Petra Petra Kaczensky 0000-0001-5428-1176 Walzer, Chris Chris Walzer 0000-0002-0437-5147 Wildlife Conservation Society, Bronx, NY, United States frontiers text eng Wildlife management, conservation interventions and wildlife research programs often involve capture, manipulation and transport of wild animals. Widespread empirical evidence across various vertebrate taxa shows that handling wildlife generally induces a severe stress response resulting in increased stress levels. The inability of individuals to appropriately respond to rapidly changing environmental conditions during and after manipulations may have deleterious and long-lasting implications on animal welfare. Therefore, mitigating stress responses in the frame of conservation interventions is a key animal welfare factor. However, we have a poor understanding of the metrics to adequately assess and monitor the dynamic physiological changes that animals undergo when subjected to stressful procedures in wild or captive conditions. A growing number of studies provide good evidence for reciprocal interactions between immune processes and stress. Here, we review the existing literature on a relatively new technique—Leukocyte Coping Capacity (LCC), a proxy for stress quantifying oxygen radical production by leukocytes. We discuss the strength and weaknesses of this immunological approach to evaluate stress, the individual capacity to cope with stress and the resulting potential implications for animal welfare. Additionally we present new data on LCC in captive roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) under long-time anesthesia and free-ranging Asiatic wild asses (Kulan; Equus hemionus kulan) were LCC was used to assess stress levels in animals captured for a reintroduction project. Supporting Information to the article Huber, N, Marasco, V, Painer, J, Vetter, SG, Göritz, F, Kaczensky, P, Walzer, C (2019). Leukocyte coping capacity: an integrative parameter for wildlife welfare within conservation interventions. Frontiers in veterinary science, 6, 105, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2019.00105 Supplementary Material S1 - LCC protocol Supplementary Material S2 - Methodology and more detailed results from the two ongoing wildlife projects Project descriptions and statistical analyses and results Fig. S1 Leukocyte Coping Capacity (LCC) curves (measured every 5 min for 30 s over 30 min) for anaesthetized European roe deer males (n = 9). Blood samples from all animals were taken in the seasons of winter 2015, summer 2015 and winter 2016. The lower line represents basal levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) whereas the upper lines represent PMA stimulated samples. The dark grey shaded area indicates the integral of the area under the curve (AUC) representing the LCC response in the winter seasons of 2015 and 2016. The entire gray area represents the AUC of the LCC response in summer 2016. Data points represent mean LCC levels (in relative light units) of blood samples taken immediately after recumbency, 40, 80, and 120 min after the first sample, with error bars showing the standard error of the mean for each time point (not visible in the baseline due to very low variance). Stress Leukocyte Coping Capacity endocrine-immune interaction Animal welfare Wildlife management Conservation interventions http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ https://phaidra.vetmeduni.ac.at/api/object/o:4672/download https://phaidra.vetmeduni.ac.at/o:4669 application/pdf Frontiers in Veterinary Science VoR Frontiers in Veterinary Science 6 161.09 kB 2019