https://phaidra.vetmeduni.ac.at/o:4588 Continent-wide differentiation of fitness traits and patterns of climate adaptation among European populations of Drosophila melanogaster Durmaz Mitchell, Esra Esra Durmaz Mitchell Kerdaffrec, Envel Envel Kerdaffrec Harney, Ewan Ewan Harney Paulo, Tania F. Tania F. Paulo Veselinovic, Marija Marija Veselinovic Tanaskovic, Marija Marija Tanaskovic Tyukmaeva, Venera Venera Tyukmaeva de Arcaya, Teresa Abaurrea Fernandez Teresa Abaurrea Fernandez de Arcaya Aksoy, Cansu Cansu Aksoy Argyridou, Eliza Eliza Argyridou Bailly, T. T. Bailly Can, Dogus Dogus Can Cobanoglu, Ezgi Ezgi Cobanoglu Cook, Nicola Nicola Cook Coskun, Seda Seda Coskun Davidović, Slobodan Slobodan Davidović Demir, Ekin Ekin Demir Dias, Tania Tania Dias Rasouli-Dogaheh, Somayeh Somayeh Rasouli-Dogaheh Duque, Pedro Pedro Duque Eric, Katarina Katarina Eric Erić, Pavle Pavle Erić Erickson, Priscilla Priscilla Erickson Filipovski, Filip Filip Filipovski Fishman, Bettina Bettina Fishman Glaser-Schmitt, Amanda Amanda Glaser-Schmitt Goldfischer, August August Goldfischer Green, Llewellyn Llewellyn Green Janillon, Sonia Sonia Janillon Jelic, Mihailo Mihailo Jelic Kostic, Hristina Hristina Kostic Kreiman, Lucas E. Lucas E. Kreiman Kremer, Natacha Natacha Kremer Lyrakis, Manolis Manolis Lyrakis 0000-0003-2768-3844 University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna Maistrenko, Oleksandr Oleksandr Maistrenko Marti, Sapho-Lou Sapho-Lou Marti Mcgunnigle, Megan Megan Mcgunnigle Merenciano, Miriam Miriam Merenciano Mira, Mario S. Mario S. Mira Montbel, Vincent Vincent Montbel Mouton, Laurence Laurence Mouton Mukha, Dmitry Dmitry Mukha Murali, Siddharth Siddharth Murali Patenković, Aleksandra Aleksandra Patenković Protsenko, Oleksandra Oleksandra Protsenko Putero, Florencia A. Florencia A. Putero Reis, Micael Micael Reis Roshina, Natalia V. Natalia V. Roshina Rybina, Olga Olga Rybina Schou, Mads Mads Schou Schowing, Thibault Thibault Schowing Senkal, Senel Selin Senel Selin Senkal Serga, Svitlana Svitlana Serga Trieu, Virginie Virginie Trieu Symonenko, Alexander Alexander Symonenko Trostnikov, Mikhail Mikhail Trostnikov Tsybul'ko, Evgenia A. Evgenia A. Tsybul'ko van den Heuvel, Joost Joost van den Heuvel van Waarde, David David van Waarde Veselkina, Ekaterina Ekaterina Veselkina Vieira, Cristina Cristina Vieira Wang, Xiaocui Xiaocui Wang Zandveld, Jelle Jelle Zandveld Abbott, Jessica Jessica Abbott Billeter, Jean-Christophe Jean-Christophe Billeter Colinet, Herve Herve Colinet Ebrahimi, Mehregan Mehregan Ebrahimi Gibert, Patricia Patricia Gibert Hrček, Jan Jan Hrček Kankare, Maaria Maaria Kankare Kozeretska, Iryna Iryna Kozeretska Loeschcke, Volker Volker Loeschcke Mensch, Julian Julian Mensch Onder, Banu Banu Onder Parsch, John John Parsch Pasyukova, Elena Elena Pasyukova Stamenkovic-Radak, Marina Marina Stamenkovic-Radak Tauber, Eran Eran Tauber Vieira, Cristina Cristina Vieira Wegener, Christian Christian Wegener Hoedjes, Katja M. Katja M. Hoedjes Zwaan, Bas Bas Zwaan Betancourt, Andrea Andrea Betancourt Fricke, Claudia Claudia Fricke Grath, Sonja Sonja Grath Posnien, Nico Nico Posnien Vieira, Jorge Jorge Vieira Kapun, Martin Martin Kapun Schlötterer, Christian Christian Schlötterer 0000-0003-4710-6 526 Schmidt, Paul Paul Schmidt Sucena, Élio Élio Sucena Gonzalez, Josefa Josefa Gonzalez Bergland, Alan O Alan O Bergland Ritchie, Michael Michael Ritchie Flatt, Thomas Thomas Flatt Oxford University Press journal article open access eng A particularly well-studied evolutionary model is the vinegar fly Drosophila melanogaster, a cosmopolitan insect of ancestral southern-central African origin. Recent work suggests that it expanded out of Africa ∼9,000 years ago, and spread from the Middle East into Europe ∼1,800 years ago. During its global expansion, this human commensal adapted to novel climate zones and habitats. Despite much work on phenotypic differentiation and adaptation on several continents (especially North America and Australia), typically in the context of latitudinal clines, little is known about phenotypic divergence among European populations. Here, we sought to provide a continent-wide study of phenotypic differentiation among European populations of D. melanogaster. In a consortium-wide phenomics effort, we assayed 16 fitness-related traits on a panel of 173 isofemale lines from 9 European populations, with the majority of traits measured by several groups using semi-standardized protocols. For most fitness-related traits, we found significant differentiation among populations on a continental scale. Despite inevitable differences in assay conditions among labs, the reproducibility and hence robustness of our measurements were overall remarkably good. Several fitness components (e.g., viability, development time) exhibited significant latitudinal or longitudinal clines, and populations differed markedly in multivariate trait structure. Notably, populations experiencing higher humidity/rainfall and lower maximum temperature showed higher viability, fertility, starvation resistance, and lifespan at the expense of lower heat-shock survival, suggesting a pattern of local adaptation. Our results indicate that derived populations of this tropical fly have been shaped by pervasive spatially varying multivariate selection and adaptation to different climates on the European continent. Phenotypic Variation Fitness Traits Population Differentiation Adaption D. Melanogaster Europe http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ https://phaidra.vetmeduni.ac.at/api/object/o:4588/download 10.1093/evlett/qraf014 https://phaidra.vetmeduni.ac.at/o:605 application/pdf Evolution Letters issn:2056-3744 VoR Evolution Letters 9 4 2.94 MB 2025