Christoph A Schatz Christoph A Schatz Ludwig Knabl Sr Ludwig Knabl Sr Hye Kyung Lee Hye Kyung Lee Rita Seeboeck Rita Seeboeck Dorothee von Laer Dorothee von Laer Eliott Lafon Eliott Lafon Wegene Borena Wegene Borena Harald Mangge Harald Mangge Florian Prüller Florian Prüller Adelina Qerimi Adelina Qerimi Doris Wilflingseder Doris Wilflingseder Wilfried Posch Wilfried Posch Johannes Haybaeck Johannes Haybaeck MDPI 2024 The global dissemination of SARS-CoV-2 resulted in the emergence of several variants, including Alpha, Alpha + E484K, Beta, and Omicron. Our research integrated the study of eukaryotic translation factors and fundamental components in general protein synthesis with the analysis of SARS-CoV-2 variants and vaccination status. Utilizing statistical methods, we successfully differentiated between variants in infected individuals and, to a lesser extent, between vaccinated and non-vaccinated infected individuals, relying on the expression profiles of translation factors. Additionally, our investigation identified common causal relationships among the translation factors, shedding light on the interplay between SARS-CoV-2 variants and the host's translation machinery. PDFDocument eng 2025-08-22T09:25:00.306748Z 2024 SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination State Variants Alpha Alpha + E484K Beta Omicron Z-Scores PC Algorithm Precision Recall F1 Score Machine Learning Restricted Boltzmann Machine Neural Network 3208948 b application/pdf http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/