https://phaidra.vetmeduni.ac.at/o:4255 Intraspecific divergence of sexual size dimorphism and reproductive strategies in a polytypic poison frog Schlippe Justicia, Lia Lia Schlippe Justicia 0000-0002-4362-2139 University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna Mayer, Martin Martin Mayer Lorioux-Chevalier, Ugo Ugo Lorioux-Chevalier Dittrich, Carolin Carolin Dittrich 0000-0002-4447-4481 University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna Rojas, Bibiana Bibiana Rojas 0000-0002-6715-7294 University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna Chouteau, Mathieu Mathieu Chouteau Springer journal article open access eng Intraspecific variation in body size, both among populations and between sexes, is an important factor influencing life-history strategies. This variation might be the response to different environmental conditions, as well as natural and sexual selection, and can result in differences in behavior and reproductive strategies among populations. Here, we use the dyeing poison frog (Dendrobates tinctorius) as a model to investigate how interpopulation variation in body size and sexual size dimorphism affects reproductive strategies. As body size increased, sexual size dimorphism also increased, i.e., females were larger than males, and more so in populations with overall larger frogs. This indicates that there is a stronger selection for body size in females than in males, likely as a response to divergent reproductive investment between the sexes. Females from larger-bodied populations produced larger clutches, but the overall number of froglets produced per clutch did not differ among populations. We discuss potential causes and mechanisms that might be responsible for the observed divergence in body size, sexual size dimorphism, and reproductive strategies among populations that likely represent local adaptations. Our findings demonstrate the importance of cross-population studies, cautioning against drawing general conclusions about a species' ecology without accounting for intraspecific variation. Body-Size Clutch-Size Egg Size Ressource-Allocation Model Selection Bergmanns Rule Renschs Rule Trade-Offs Patterns Consequences http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ https://phaidra.vetmeduni.ac.at/api/object/o:4255/download 10.1007/s10682-023-10280-2 https://phaidra.vetmeduni.ac.at/o:605 application/pdf Evolutionary Ecology issn:1573-8477 VoR Evolutionary Ecology 38 1-2 1.89 MB 2024