phaidra.vetmeduni.ac.at o:4255 DOI 10.1007/s10682-023-10280-2 Intraspecific divergence of sexual size dimorphism and reproductive strategies in a polytypic poison frog Intraspecific variation in body size, both among populations and between sexes, is an important factor influencing life-history strategies. This variation might be the response to different environmental conditions, as well as natural and sexual selection, and can result in differences in behavior and reproductive strategies among populations. Here, we use the dyeing poison frog (Dendrobates tinctorius) as a model to investigate how interpopulation variation in body size and sexual size dimorphism affects reproductive strategies. As body size increased, sexual size dimorphism also increased, i.e., females were larger than males, and more so in populations with overall larger frogs. This indicates that there is a stronger selection for body size in females than in males, likely as a response to divergent reproductive investment between the sexes. Females from larger-bodied populations produced larger clutches, but the overall number of froglets produced per clutch did not differ among populations. We discuss potential causes and mechanisms that might be responsible for the observed divergence in body size, sexual size dimorphism, and reproductive strategies among populations that likely represent local adaptations. Our findings demonstrate the importance of cross-population studies, cautioning against drawing general conclusions about a species' ecology without accounting for intraspecific variation. eng Body-Size Clutch-Size Egg Size Ressource-Allocation Model Selection Bergmanns Rule Renschs Rule Trade-Offs Patterns Consequences 2025-07-10T09:16:53.541Z LOMv1.0 Author BEGIN:VCARD VERSION:3.0 N:Schlippe Justicia;Lia; FN:Lia Schlippe Justicia X-ORCID:https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4362-2139 END:VCARD BEGIN:VCARD VERSION:3.0 N:Mayer;Martin; FN:Martin Mayer END:VCARD BEGIN:VCARD VERSION:3.0 N:Lorioux-Chevalier;Ugo; FN:Ugo Lorioux-Chevalier END:VCARD BEGIN:VCARD VERSION:3.0 N:Dittrich;Carolin; FN:Carolin Dittrich X-ORCID:https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4447-4481 END:VCARD BEGIN:VCARD VERSION:3.0 N:Rojas;Bibiana; FN:Bibiana Rojas X-ORCID:https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6715-7294 END:VCARD BEGIN:VCARD VERSION:3.0 N:Chouteau;Mathieu; FN:Mathieu Chouteau END:VCARD https://w3id.org/kim/hcrt/scheme https://w3id.org/kim/hcrt/text Textdokument Text LOMv1.0 yes https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 application/pdf 1979373 https://phaidra.vetmeduni.ac.at/o:4255 https://phaidra.vetmeduni.ac.at/api/object/o:4255/thumbnail LOMv1.0 discipline