Text Wissenschaftlicher Artikel Testo Articolo di rivista Text journal article Intraspecific variation in body size, both among populations and between sexes, is an important factor influencing life-history strategies. This variation might be the response to different environmental conditions, as well as natural and sexual selection, and can result in differences in behavior and reproductive strategies among populations. Here, we use the dyeing poison frog (Dendrobates tinctorius) as a model to investigate how interpopulation variation in body size and sexual size dimorphism affects reproductive strategies. As body size increased, sexual size dimorphism also increased, i.e., females were larger than males, and more so in populations with overall larger frogs. This indicates that there is a stronger selection for body size in females than in males, likely as a response to divergent reproductive investment between the sexes. Females from larger-bodied populations produced larger clutches, but the overall number of froglets produced per clutch did not differ among populations. We discuss potential causes and mechanisms that might be responsible for the observed divergence in body size, sexual size dimorphism, and reproductive strategies among populations that likely represent local adaptations. Our findings demonstrate the importance of cross-population studies, cautioning against drawing general conclusions about a species' ecology without accounting for intraspecific variation. Body-Size Clutch-Size Egg Size Ressource-Allocation Model Selection Bergmanns Rule Renschs Rule Trade-Offs Patterns Consequences application/pdf http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ doi:10.1007/s10682-023-10280-2 Intraspecific divergence of sexual size dimorphism and reproductive strategies in a polytypic poison frog 2024 Springer Copyright © 2023, The Author(s) open access Evolutionary Ecology Lia Schlippe Justicia Martin Mayer Ugo Lorioux-Chevalier Carolin Dittrich Bibiana Rojas Mathieu Chouteau eng https://phaidra.vetmeduni.ac.at/o:4255