Fernando Duarte Fernando Duarte Lena-Mari Tamminen Lena-Mari Tamminen Miroslav Kjosevski Miroslav Kjosevski Giovanna Ciaravino Giovanna Ciaravino Mattias Delpont Mattias Delpont Carla Correia-Gomes Carla Correia-Gomes Bart H. P. van den Borne Bart H. P. van den Borne Ilias Chantziaras Ilias Chantziaras Laura Valeria Alarcón Laura Valeria Alarcón Line Svennesen Line Svennesen Ina Toppari Ina Toppari Alessandra Piccirillo Alessandra Piccirillo Rreze M. Gecaj Rreze M. Gecaj Artur Zbikowski Artur Zbikowski Telmo Nunes Telmo Nunes Jasna Prodanov-Radulovic Jasna Prodanov-Radulovic Marco De Nardi Marco De Nardi Vitalii Nedosekov Vitalii Nedosekov Amelie Desvars-Larrive Amelie Desvars-Larrive Alberto Allepuz Alberto Allepuz Elsevier 2025 The aim of this study was to identify which biosecurity assessment methods (BAMs) are currently used in practice in animal farms. To address this, a structured questionnaire was developed to gather information such as the animal species, main objectives, type of enforcement, output generated and feedback of the result. In the context of the BETTER Cost Action project, country representatives identified in each of their countries which BAMs were used and completed an online survey. The survey was prepared and translated in 23 languages. Besides a descriptive analysis, clusters of BAMs were determined using a multiple correspondence analysis. Responses, collected between December 2022 and July 2023, included 74 BAMs used in 28 countries. Most of them were used in a single country while three were used in multiple countries. This study provides a comprehensive picture of existing BAMs and insights into their diversity, such as variations in objectives, implementation, evaluators, respondents, feedback, or assessment outputs. Moreover, we identified four BAMs clusters differentiated by their objective, evaluator and type of feedback provided. This study might also represent the basis for future research on strengths and weaknesses of different BAMs. PDFDocument eng 2025-05-09T08:40:51.318997Z 2025 Animals Europe Surveys and Questionnaires Biosecurity Animal Husbandry Methods Livestock Farms 1079864 b application/pdf http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/