phaidra.vetmeduni.ac.at o:4074 DOI 10.1016/j.psj.2025.104890 Differential effects of synbiotic delivery route (Feed, water, combined) in broilers challenged with Salmonella Infantis Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Infantis (S. Infantis) presents a persistent and multi-drug-resistant threat to poultry production, highlighting the need for effective control strategies. This study evaluated the impact of a S. Infantis infection in broiler chickens across various parameters, including organ colonization, gut microbiota, and immune function. We also assessed the mitigation potential of a synbiotic, multispecies feed additive, administered via three routes applicable for the field: feed only, drinking water only, and a combination of both. Our results demonstrated that the combined administration route yielded notably positive effects on several parameters, followed by the drinking-water only administration. This approach resulted in significant improvements in gut microbiota health, characterized by increased levels of beneficial microbes such as Lactobacillus, Ligilactobacillus, and Butyricicoccus, and a decrease in potentially harmful genera from the Proteobacteria phylum. Reduction of S. Infantis load was observed in caecum, ileum, and spleen over time albeit shedding was not influenced. The drinking water-only administration showed a significant reduction of S. Infantis colonization in the caecum on the last sampling day. Immune response analysis indicated no significant differences in serum antibody levels between control and treatment groups. These findings underscore the impact of both combined and drinking water-only synbiotic, multispecies feed additive administration on the gut microbiota and a possible route for reducing S. Infantis in poultry production. The obtained data provide valuable guidance for optimizing synbiotic use in commercial poultry management, enabling enhanced pathogen control and improved gut health. eng Animals Chickens Synbiotics Administration & Dosage Salmonella Infections, Animal Microbiology Salmonella Infections, Animal Prevention & Control Salmonella Infections, Animal Immunology Poultry Diseases Microbiology Poultry Diseases Prevention & Control Poultry Diseases Immunology Animal Feedanalysis Gastrointestinal Microbiome Drug Effects Diet Veterinary Salmonella Physiology Drinking Water Random Allocation Male 2025-04-24T11:56:03.625Z LOMv1.0 Author BEGIN:VCARD VERSION:3.0 N:Drauch;Victoria; FN:Victoria Drauch X-ORCID:https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3891-1208 END:VCARD BEGIN:VCARD VERSION:3.0 N:Ghanbari;Mahdi; FN:Mahdi Ghanbari END:VCARD BEGIN:VCARD VERSION:3.0 N:Reisinger;Nicole; FN:Nicole Reisinger END:VCARD BEGIN:VCARD VERSION:3.0 N:Mohnl;Michaela; FN:Michaela Mohnl END:VCARD BEGIN:VCARD VERSION:3.0 N:Hess;Claudia; FN:Claudia Hess X-ORCID:https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3535-5157 END:VCARD BEGIN:VCARD VERSION:3.0 N:Hess;Michael; FN:Michael Hess X-ORCID:https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6991-0120 END:VCARD https://w3id.org/kim/hcrt/scheme https://w3id.org/kim/hcrt/text Textdokument Text LOMv1.0 yes https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 application/pdf 3406881 https://phaidra.vetmeduni.ac.at/o:4074 https://phaidra.vetmeduni.ac.at/api/object/o:4074/thumbnail LOMv1.0 discipline