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<edm:dataProvider>University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna</edm:dataProvider>

  
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<dc:title xml:lang="en">Variations in extracellular vesicle shedding of Cystoisospora suis stages (Apicomplexa: Coccidia)</dc:title>

  
<dc:description xml:lang="en">Cystoisospora suis, a porcine enteral parasite of the order Coccidia, is characterized by a complex life cycle, with asexual and sexual development in the epithelium of the host gut and an environmental phase as an oocyst. All developmental stages vary greatly in their morphology and function, and therefore excrete different bioactive molecules for intercellular communication. Due to their complex development, we hypothesized that the extracellular vesicles (EVs) cargo is highly dependent on the life cycle stages from which they are released. This study aimed to characterize and compare EVs of all developmental stages of C. suis. Nanoparticle tracking analysis and microscopy were used to determine particle numbers and size distributions of stage-specific parasite EVs. Furthermore, Fourier-transform infrared spectral analysis was employed for the metabolic fingerprinting of EVs, and the lipid and protein profiles of all parasite stages were determined. Overall, the study revealed that asexual, sexual and transmissible stages of C. suis release different EVs during the parasite&#39;s life cycle. EVs of endogenous asexual and sexual stages were found to be more similar to each other than to those of the transmissible environmental stage, the oocyst. Furthermore, the ratio of fatty acids to polysaccharides and proteins changed during parasite development. In particular, proteins associated with the Apicomplexa and those involved in vesicle shedding showed changes in expression in all parasite stages. Lipid analysis showed that fatty acids were found in the same concentration through all parasite stages, whereas the amount of stereolipids, sphingolipids and glycerolipids changed between the parasite stages. In conclusion, this study, which presents the first known characterization of C. suis EVs, demonstrates a link between EVs and the respective developmental stages of the parasite, and putative functions in the parasite-parasite and host-parasite interplays.</dc:description>

  
<dc:identifier rdf:resource="https://phaidra.vetmeduni.ac.at/o:4009"></dc:identifier>

  
<dc:language>en</dc:language>

  
<edm:type>TEXT</edm:type>

  
<dc:type>journal article</dc:type>

  
<dc:type>Wissenschaftlicher Artikel</dc:type>

  
<dc:type>Articolo di rivista</dc:type>

  
<dc:type xml:lang="en">Text</dc:type>

  
<dc:type xml:lang="en">journal article</dc:type>

  
<dc:type xml:lang="it">Testo</dc:type>

  
<dc:type xml:lang="it">Articolo di rivista</dc:type>

  
<dc:type xml:lang="de">Text</dc:type>

  
<dc:type xml:lang="de">Wissenschaftlicher Artikel</dc:type>

  
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Extracellular Vesicles Metabolism</dc:subject>

  
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Extracellular Vesicles Chemistry</dc:subject>

  
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Animals</dc:subject>

  
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Life Cycle Stages</dc:subject>

  
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Swine</dc:subject>

  
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Swine Diseases Parasitology</dc:subject>

  
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Coccidiosis Parasitology</dc:subject>

  
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Coccidiosis Veterinary</dc:subject>

  
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Oocystsgrowth &amp; development</dc:subject>

  
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Sarcocystidae Growth &amp; Development</dc:subject>

  
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared</dc:subject>

  
<dcterms:issued>2025</dcterms:issued>

  
<dc:date>2025</dc:date>

  
<dc:creator>Anna Sophia Feix</dc:creator>

  
<dc:creator>Astrid Laimer-Digruber</dc:creator>

  
<dc:creator>Teresa Cruz-Bustos</dc:creator>

  
<dc:creator>Gerhard Steiner</dc:creator>

  
<dc:creator>Bärbel Ruttkowski</dc:creator>

  
<dc:creator>Monika Ehling-Schulz</dc:creator>

  
<dc:creator>Anja Joachim</dc:creator>

  
<dc:publisher>Elsevier</dc:publisher>

  
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