https://phaidra.vetmeduni.ac.at/o:3832 The global spread of Oriental Horses in the past 1,500 years through the lens of the Y chromosome Radovic, Lara Lara Radovic 0000-0003-4621-3856 University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna Remer, Viktoria Viktoria Remer University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna Rigler, Doris Doris Rigler 0000-0002-3996-7863 University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna Bozlak, Elif Elif Bozlak 0000-0001-7909-1555 University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna Allen, Lucy Lucy Allen University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna Brem, Gottfried Gottfried Brem 0000-0002-7522-0708 University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna Reissman, Monika Monika Reissman Brockmann, Gudrun A. Gudrun A. Brockmann Ropka-Molik, Katarzyna Katarzyna Ropka-Molik 0000-0002-8555-0495 Stefaniuk-Szmukier, Monika Monika Stefaniuk-Szmukier 0000-0003-4158-771X Kalinkova, Liliya Liliya Kalinkova 0000-0002-7129-3133 Kalashnikov, Valery V. Valery V. Kalashnikov Zaitev, Alexander M. Alexander M. Zaitev 0000-0003-4260-602X Raudsepp, Terje Terje Raudsepp 0000-0003-2276-475X Castaneda, Caitlin Caitlin Castaneda von Butler-Wemken, Ines Ines von Butler-Wemken Patterson Rosa, Laura Laura Patterson Rosa 0000-0001-5960-3883 Brooks, Samantha A. Samantha A. Brooks 0000-0002-4500-2689 Novoa-Bravo, Miguel Miguel Novoa-Bravo 0000-0002-9950-2590 Kostaras, Nikos Nikos Kostaras Abdurasulov, Abdugani Abdugani Abdurasulov 0000-0003-3714-6102 Antczak, Douglas F. Douglas F. Antczak 0000-0003-3336-5818 Miller, Donald C. Donald C. Miller 0000-0002-4868-1007 Lopes, Maria Susana Maria Susana Lopes 0000-0003-1170-9771 da Câmara Machado, Artur Artur da Câmara Machado 0000-0002-6098-502X Lindgren, Gabriella Gabriella Lindgren 0000-0001-6046-9669 Juras, Rytis Rytis Juras 0000-0002-7385-0618 Cothran, Gus Gus Cothran 0000-0003-2791-4331 Wallner, Barbara Barbara Wallner 0000-0003-4159-0695 University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna National Academy of Sciences journal article open access eng Since their domestication, horses have accompanied mankind, and humans have constantly shaped horses according to their needs through stallion-centered breeding. Consequently, the male-specific portion of the Y chromosome (MSY) is extremely uniform in modern horse breeds. The majority of stallions worldwide carry MSY haplotypes (HT) attributed to an only ~1,500-y-old, so-called, "Crown" haplogroup. The predominance of the Crown in modern horse breeds is thought to represent a footprint of the vast impact of stallions of "Oriental origin" in the past millennium. Here, we report the results of a fine-scaled MSY haplotyping of large datasets of patrilines comprising 1,517 males of 189 modern horse breeds, covering a broad phenotypic and geographic spectrum. We can disentangle the multilayered influence of Oriental stallions over the last few hundred years, exposing the intense linebreeding and the wide-ranging impact of Arabian, English Thoroughbred, and Coldblood sires. Iberian and New World horse breeds contain a wide range of diversified Crown lineages. Their broad HT spectrum illustrates the spread of horses of Oriental origin via the Iberian Peninsula after the Middle Ages, which is commonly referred to as the "Spanish influence." Our survey also revealed a second major historical dissemination of horses from Western Asia, attributed to the expansion of the Ottoman Empire. Our analysis shows that MSY analysis can uncover the complex history of horse breeds and can be used to establish the paternal ancestry of modern horse breeds. Horses Genetics Animals Y Chromosome Genetics Male Haplotypes Genetics Breeding Domestication Phylogeny http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ https://phaidra.vetmeduni.ac.at/api/object/o:3832/download 10.1073/pnas.2414408121 https://phaidra.vetmeduni.ac.at/o:605 application/pdf Proceedings of the National Academy of sciences of the United States of America issn:1091-6490 VoR Proceedings of the National Academy of sciences of the United States of America 121 49 4.26 MB 2024