phaidra.vetmeduni.ac.at o:3805 DOI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.126496 Vaccination strategies to protect chickens from fowl adenovirus (FAdV)-induced diseases: A comprehensive review In recent years, fowl adenovirus (FAdV)-induced diseases became a global problem with considerable impact on chicken health and welfare. This has prompted numerous studies to focus on experimental immunization strategies using whole virus formulations (live or killed vaccines), some of them modified as recombinantly constructed vector vaccines. In addition, FAdV capsid proteins were frequently reported as immunizing antigens (subunit vaccines), with fiber proteins being amongst the most successful candidates. To date, there is no standardized protocol to assess vaccine efficacy in experimental FAdV protection studies, with the consequence that the experimental settings present several degrees of variations even when sharing similar premises. Differences in formulation preparations, route of inoculation, antigen dose, vaccination scheme, choice of challenge strain, or type and age of the birds are capable to greatly influence the magnitude of the immune response and the consequent protective efficacy, altogether addressing remaining challenges. Beyond the antigen composition of a vaccine, the epidemiology of FAdVs with the potential of vertical transmission of virus and/or antibodies from breeders to progenies has a substantial impact on protection strategies. The goal of this review is to outline a broad overview of the findings made thus far regarding immunization strategies against diseases associated to FAdV infections, considering the literature published since the appearance of hepatitis-hydropericardium syndrome (HHS) in the late Eighties, in order to emphasize the current knowledge on FAdV vaccines and highlight fields of future research and intervention. eng Animals Chickens Immunology Poultry Diseases Prevention & Control Poultry Diseases Immunology Poultry Diseases Virology Adenoviridae Infections Prevention & Control Adenoviridae Infections Immunology Adenoviridae Infections Veterinary Vaccination Methods Viral Vaccines Immunology Viral Vaccines Administration & dosage Aviadenovirus Immunology Aviadenovirus Genetics Capsid Proteins Immunology Capsid Proteins Genetics Fowl adenovirus Aimmunology Adenovirus Vaccines Immunology Adenovirus Vaccines Administration & Dosage 2025-01-24T10:14:14.672Z LOMv1.0 Author BEGIN:VCARD VERSION:3.0 N:De Luca;Carlotta; FN:Carlotta De Luca X-ORCID:https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4435-9985 END:VCARD BEGIN:VCARD VERSION:3.0 N:Hess;Michael; FN:Michael Hess X-ORCID:https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6991-0120 END:VCARD https://w3id.org/kim/hcrt/scheme https://w3id.org/kim/hcrt/text Textdokument Text LOMv1.0 yes https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 application/pdf 2097222 https://phaidra.vetmeduni.ac.at/o:3805 https://phaidra.vetmeduni.ac.at/api/object/o:3805/thumbnail LOMv1.0 discipline