o:3606 To move or not to move-factors influencing small-scale herder and livestock movements in the Dzungarian Gobi, Mongolia en In Mongolia, where nomadic pastoralism is still practiced by around one-third of the population, increasing livestock numbers, socio-economic constraints and climate change raise concerns over rangeland health. Little empirical evidence explains what triggers camp moves of pastoralists in the Dzungarian Gobi in Mongolia, which factors influence grazing mobility around camps, and how altitudinal migration benefits small livestock. We combined GPS tracking data of 19 small livestock herds monitored from September 2018 to April 2020 with remotely sensed climate and environmental data. We used general linear-mixed models to analyse variables influencing camp use duration and daily mobility patterns. To understand the importance of the altitudinal migration, we compared climatic conditions along the elevation gradient and looked at seasonal body weight changes of small livestock. We found that available plant biomass and season best explained camp use duration. Daily walking distance and maximum distance from camp increased with camp use duration. Pasture time increased with increasing biomass and rising temperatures. We conclude that herders in the Dzungarian Gobi have optimized pasture use by reacting to changes in biomass availability at landscape and local scale, and by embracing altitudinal migration. Flexibility in grazing mobility seems to have enabled local herder communities to practise sustainable pasture use. Maintaining this mobility will most likely be the best strategy to deal with environmental change under the current climate change scenarios. Pastoral Mobility; Grazing Behavior; Inner-Mongolia; Migration; Steppe; Sheep; Ungulate; Drought; Goats 1552099 10.1007/s10113-023-02126-y 2024-10-16T09:08:07.611Z 44 yes 46 Lena M. Michler University of Hohenheim / International Takhi Group 0000-0002-8031-7491 Petra Kaczensky University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna / Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences person 0000-0001-5428-1176 Ganbaatar Oyunsaikhan Great Gobi B Strictly Protected Area Administration person Gundula S. Bartzke University of Hohenheim person Olivier Devineau Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences person Anna C. Treydte Stockholm University / University of Hohenheim, person application/pdf 2689285 https://phaidra.vetmeduni.ac.at/o:3606 no yes 16 70 1552253 Regional Environmental Change 13 23 4 Springer 2023