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  <ns1:general>
    <ns1:identifier>o:3520</ns1:identifier>
    <ns1:title language="en">The effect of climate change on avian offspring production: A global meta-analysis</ns1:title>
    <ns1:language>en</ns1:language>
    <ns1:description language="en">Climate change affects timing of reproduction in many bird species, but few studies have investigated its influence on annual reproductive output. Here, we assess changes in the annual production of young by female breeders in 201 populations of 104 bird species (N = 745,962 clutches) covering all continents between 1970 and 2019. Overall, average offspring production has declined in recent decades, but considerable differences were found among species and populations. A total of 56.7% of populations showed a declining trend in offspring production (significant in 17.4%), whereas 43.3% exhibited an increase (significant in 10.4%). The results show that climatic changes affect offspring production through compounded effects on ecological and life history traits of species. Migratory and larger-bodied species experienced reduced offspring production with increasing temperatures during the chick-rearing period, whereas smaller-bodied, sedentary species tended to produce more offspring. Likewise, multi-brooded species showed increased breeding success with increasing temperatures, whereas rising temperatures were unrelated to reproductive success in single-brooded species. Our study suggests that rapid declines in size of bird populations reported by many studies from different parts of the world are driven only to a small degree by changes in the production of young.</ns1:description>
    <ns1:keyword language="en">Animals; Female; Climate Change; Seasons; Chickens; Reproduction; Life History Traits</ns1:keyword>
    <ns2:identifiers>
      <ns2:resource>1552099</ns2:resource>
      <ns2:identifier>10.1073/pnas.2208389120</ns2:identifier>
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    <ns1:upload_date>2024-10-03T08:28:58.591Z</ns1:upload_date>
    <ns1:status>44</ns1:status>
    <ns2:peer_reviewed>yes</ns2:peer_reviewed>
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        <ns3:firstname>Lucyna</ns3:firstname>
        <ns3:lastname>Halupka</ns3:lastname>
        <ns3:institution>University of Wrocław</ns3:institution>
        <ns3:orcid>0000-0002-8043-8111</ns3:orcid>
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        <ns3:firstname>Marcin</ns3:firstname>
        <ns3:lastname>Tobolka</ns3:lastname>
        <ns3:institution>University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna / University of Life Sciences in Poznań</ns3:institution>
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        <ns3:orcid>0000-0002-4989-1524</ns3:orcid>
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        <ns3:firstname>Paul M.</ns3:firstname>
        <ns3:lastname>Thompson</ns3:lastname>
        <ns3:institution>University of Aberdeen</ns3:institution>
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        <ns3:orcid>0000-0001-6195-3284</ns3:orcid>
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        <ns3:firstname>Janusz</ns3:firstname>
        <ns3:lastname>Stępniewski</ns3:lastname>
        <ns3:institution>Panurus Monitoringi Inwentaryzacje Opinie Przyrodnicze</ns3:institution>
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        <ns3:orcid>0000-0001-9759-5204</ns3:orcid>
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        <ns3:firstname>Diana V.</ns3:firstname>
        <ns3:lastname>Solovyeva</ns3:lastname>
        <ns3:institution>Russian Academy of Sciences</ns3:institution>
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        <ns3:orcid>0000-0001-5076-0305</ns3:orcid>
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        <ns3:firstname>Tapio</ns3:firstname>
        <ns3:lastname>Solonen</ns3:lastname>
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        <ns3:orcid>0000-0002-4817-3942</ns3:orcid>
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        <ns3:firstname>Fabrizio</ns3:firstname>
        <ns3:lastname>Sergio</ns3:lastname>
        <ns3:institution>Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas</ns3:institution>
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        <ns3:orcid>0000-0002-8024-1773</ns3:orcid>
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        <ns3:firstname>Juan C.</ns3:firstname>
        <ns3:lastname>Senar</ns3:lastname>
        <ns3:institution>Natural Science Museum of Barcelona</ns3:institution>
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        <ns3:firstname>Michael</ns3:firstname>
        <ns3:lastname>Schaub</ns3:lastname>
        <ns3:institution>University of Aberdeen / University of Bern</ns3:institution>
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        <ns3:firstname>Denis A.</ns3:firstname>
        <ns3:lastname>Saunders</ns3:lastname>
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        <ns3:orcid>0000-0001-5959-573X</ns3:orcid>
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        <ns3:lastname>Samusenko</ns3:lastname>
        <ns3:institution>National Academy of Sciences of Belarus</ns3:institution>
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        <ns3:firstname>Dustin R.</ns3:firstname>
        <ns3:lastname>Rubenstein</ns3:lastname>
        <ns3:institution>Columbia University</ns3:institution>
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        <ns3:lastname>Roulin</ns3:lastname>
        <ns3:institution>University of Lausanne</ns3:institution>
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        <ns3:firstname>Robert N.</ns3:firstname>
        <ns3:lastname>Rosenfield</ns3:lastname>
        <ns3:institution>University of Wisconsin–Stevens Point</ns3:institution>
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        <ns3:lastname>Ramos</ns3:lastname>
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        <ns3:lastname>Quillfeldt</ns3:lastname>
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        <ns3:lastname>Prop</ns3:lastname>
        <ns3:institution>University of Groningen</ns3:institution>
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        <ns3:lastname>Pöysä</ns3:lastname>
        <ns3:institution>University of Eastern Finland</ns3:institution>
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        <ns3:lastname>Potti</ns3:lastname>
        <ns3:institution>Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas</ns3:institution>
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        <ns3:institution>Universidad Rey Juan Carlos</ns3:institution>
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        <ns3:firstname>Richard A</ns3:firstname>
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        <ns3:institution>Åbo Akademi University</ns3:institution>
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        <ns3:orcid>0000-0002-2205-1437</ns3:orcid>
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        <ns3:lastname>Orłowska</ns3:lastname>
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        <ns3:firstname>Alexander</ns3:firstname>
        <ns3:lastname>Numerov</ns3:lastname>
        <ns3:institution>Voronezh State University</ns3:institution>
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        <ns3:firstname>Jan Tøttrup</ns3:firstname>
        <ns3:lastname>Nielsen</ns3:lastname>
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      <ns1:entity seq="44">
        <ns3:firstname>Verónica C.</ns3:firstname>
        <ns3:lastname>Neves</ns3:lastname>
        <ns3:institution>Universidade dos Açores</ns3:institution>
        <ns3:type>person</ns3:type>
        <ns3:orcid>0000-0002-6826-4542</ns3:orcid>
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        <ns3:firstname>Anders P.</ns3:firstname>
        <ns3:lastname>Møller</ns3:lastname>
        <ns3:institution>Université Paris-Saclay</ns3:institution>
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        <ns3:firstname>Alfonso</ns3:firstname>
        <ns3:lastname>Marzal</ns3:lastname>
        <ns3:institution>Universidad de Extremadura</ns3:institution>     
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        <ns3:lastname>Lyakhov</ns3:lastname>
        <ns3:institution>Russian Academy of Sciences</ns3:institution>
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        <ns3:firstname>Michael P.</ns3:firstname>
        <ns3:lastname>Lombardo</ns3:lastname>
        <ns3:institution>Grand Valley State University</ns3:institution>
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        <ns3:lastname>Lambin</ns3:lastname>
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        <ns3:lastname>Kuranov</ns3:lastname>
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        <ns3:firstname>Sonja C.</ns3:firstname>
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        <ns3:lastname>Krist</ns3:lastname>
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        <ns3:lastname>Hoover</ns3:lastname>
        <ns3:institution>University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign</ns3:institution>
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        <ns3:lastname>Harris</ns3:lastname>
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        <ns3:institution>Russian Academy of Sciences</ns3:institution>
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        <ns3:firstname>Sergey I.</ns3:firstname>
        <ns3:lastname>Gashkov</ns3:lastname>
        <ns3:institution>Tomsk State University</ns3:institution>
        <ns3:type>person</ns3:type>
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        <ns3:lastname>Fargallo</ns3:lastname>
        <ns3:institution>Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas</ns3:institution>
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        <ns3:lastname>Emmerson</ns3:lastname>
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        <ns3:lastname>Eeva</ns3:lastname>
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        <ns3:orcid>0000-0002-0395-1536</ns3:orcid>
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        <ns3:firstname>Michael J.</ns3:firstname>
        <ns3:lastname>Dunn</ns3:lastname>
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        <ns3:lastname>Drummond</ns3:lastname>
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        <ns3:lastname>Dombrovski</ns3:lastname>
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        <ns3:orcid>0000-0003-1954-5134</ns3:orcid>
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        <ns3:firstname>Adrián S.</ns3:firstname>
        <ns3:lastname>Di Giacomo</ns3:lastname>
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