https://phaidra.vetmeduni.ac.at/o:3496 A One Health framework for exploring zoonotic interactions demonstrated through a case study Desvars-Larrive, Amélie Amélie Desvars-Larrive 0000-0001-7671-696X University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna Käsbohrer, Annemarie Annemarie Käsbohrer 0000-0003-2966-2713 University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna Joachim, Anja Anja Joachim 0000-0003-3082-6885 University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna Yang, Liuhuaying Liuhuaying Yang Complexity Science Hub Vienna Vogl, Anna Elisabeth Anna Elisabeth Vogl 0009-0007-9813-3854 University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna Puspitarani, Gavrila Amadea Gavrila Amadea Puspitarani 0000-0002-8826-5606 University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna / Complexity Science Hub Vienna Nature text eng The eco-epidemiology of zoonoses is often oversimplified to host-pathogen interactions while findings derived from global datasets are rarely directly transferable to smaller-scale contexts. Through a systematic literature search, we compiled a dataset of naturally occurring zoonotic interactions in Austria, spanning 1975-2022. We introduce the concept of zoonotic web to describe the complex relationships between zoonotic agents, their hosts, vectors, food, and environmental sources. The zoonotic web was explored through network analysis. After controlling for research effort, we demonstrate that, within the projected unipartite source-source network of zoonotic agent sharing, the most influential zoonotic sources are human, cattle, chicken, and some meat products. Analysis of the One Health 3-cliques (triangular sets of nodes representing human, animal, and environment) confirms the increased probability of zoonotic spillover at human-cattle and human-food interfaces. We characterise six communities of zoonotic agent sharing, which assembly patterns are likely driven by highly connected infectious agents in the zoonotic web, proximity to human, and anthropogenic activities. Additionally, we report a frequency of emerging zoonotic diseases in Austria of one every six years. Here, we present a flexible network-based approach that offers insights into zoonotic transmission chains, facilitating the development of locally-relevant One Health strategies against zoonoses. Bacterial infection; Ecological networks; Epidemiology; Parasitic infection; Viral infection http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ https://phaidra.vetmeduni.ac.at/api/object/o:3496/download 10.1038/s41467-024-49967-7 https://phaidra.vetmeduni.ac.at/o:605 application/pdf Nature Communications 15(1) (2024) Nature Communications 15 1 55.77 MB 2024