phaidra.vetmeduni.ac.at o:3496 DOI 10.1038/s41467-024-49967-7 A One Health framework for exploring zoonotic interactions demonstrated through a case study The eco-epidemiology of zoonoses is often oversimplified to host-pathogen interactions while findings derived from global datasets are rarely directly transferable to smaller-scale contexts. Through a systematic literature search, we compiled a dataset of naturally occurring zoonotic interactions in Austria, spanning 1975-2022. We introduce the concept of zoonotic web to describe the complex relationships between zoonotic agents, their hosts, vectors, food, and environmental sources. The zoonotic web was explored through network analysis. After controlling for research effort, we demonstrate that, within the projected unipartite source-source network of zoonotic agent sharing, the most influential zoonotic sources are human, cattle, chicken, and some meat products. Analysis of the One Health 3-cliques (triangular sets of nodes representing human, animal, and environment) confirms the increased probability of zoonotic spillover at human-cattle and human-food interfaces. We characterise six communities of zoonotic agent sharing, which assembly patterns are likely driven by highly connected infectious agents in the zoonotic web, proximity to human, and anthropogenic activities. Additionally, we report a frequency of emerging zoonotic diseases in Austria of one every six years. Here, we present a flexible network-based approach that offers insights into zoonotic transmission chains, facilitating the development of locally-relevant One Health strategies against zoonoses. eng Bacterial infection; Ecological networks; Epidemiology; Parasitic infection; Viral infection 2024-09-06T09:59:15.190Z LOMv1.0 Author BEGIN:VCARD VERSION:3.0 N:Desvars-Larrive;Amélie; FN:Amélie Desvars-Larrive X-ORCID:https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7671-696X END:VCARD BEGIN:VCARD VERSION:3.0 N:Käsbohrer;Annemarie; FN:Annemarie Käsbohrer X-ORCID:https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2966-2713 END:VCARD BEGIN:VCARD VERSION:3.0 N:Joachim;Anja; FN:Anja Joachim X-ORCID:https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3082-6885 END:VCARD BEGIN:VCARD VERSION:3.0 N:Yang;Liuhuaying; FN:Liuhuaying Yang END:VCARD BEGIN:VCARD VERSION:3.0 N:Vogl;Anna Elisabeth; FN:Anna Elisabeth Vogl X-ORCID:https://orcid.org/0009-0007-9813-3854 END:VCARD BEGIN:VCARD VERSION:3.0 N:Puspitarani;Gavrila Amadea; FN:Gavrila Amadea Puspitarani X-ORCID:https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8826-5606 END:VCARD https://w3id.org/kim/hcrt/scheme https://w3id.org/kim/hcrt/text Textdokument Text LOMv1.0 yes https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 application/pdf 58476546 https://phaidra.vetmeduni.ac.at/o:3496 https://phaidra.vetmeduni.ac.at/api/object/o:3496/thumbnail LOMv1.0 discipline