o:2990 Habitat destruction threatens jaguars in a mixed land-use region of eastern Bolivia en Large carnivores such as the jaguar Panthera onca are particularly susceptible to population decline and local extinction as a result of habitat loss. Here we report on the long-term monitoring of a local jaguar population in a mixed land-use area in the eastern lowlands of Bolivia from March 2017 to December 2019. We recorded 15 jaguar individuals and four reproduction events (five offspring from three females), suggesting that our study area harbours a resident breeding population. Seven iterations of spatially explicit capture-recapture models provided density estimates of 1.32-3.57 jaguars per 100 km(2). Jaguar capture rates were highest in forested areas, with few to no jaguar captures in pastures used for livestock. Massive deforestation after the survey period reduced the proportion of dense forest cover by 33%, shrinking the availability of suitable jaguar habitat and placing the resident jaguar population at risk. We use the jaguar as an indicator species to highlight the threat of habitat destruction in the Chiquitano region and we emphasize the importance of intact forest patches for jaguar conservation. Panthera-Onca; Camera-Traps; Chiquitano Region; National-Park; Density; Population; Ecology; Mammals; Deforestation; Connectivity 1552099 10.1017/S0030605322001570 2024-05-16T08:38:56.223Z 44 yes 46 René Meißner University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna 0000-0003-2829-1607 Moritz Blumer Senckenberg Research Institute and Nature Museum person 0000-0002-5775-1767 Merlin Weiß Van Hall Larenstein University of Applied Sciences person 0000-0002-5801-6123 Maya Beukes Senckenberg Research Institute and Nature Museum person 0000-0002-6775-2747 Gabriel Aramayo Ledezma Universidad Autónoma Gabriel René Moreno person 0000-0001-6821-2163 Yannet Condori Callisaya Universidad Autónoma Gabriel René Moreno person 0000-0002-4922-0827 José Luis Aramayo Bejarano Universidad Autónoma Gabriel René Moreno person 0000-0003-0946-1260 Martin Jansen Senckenberg Research Institute and Nature Museum person 0000-0002-2631-4601 application/pdf 964901 https://phaidra.vetmeduni.ac.at/o:2990 no yes 16 70 1552253 Oryx 11 58 1 110 120 Cambridge University Press 2023