2023 article Meißner, René (University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna) Jansen, Martin (Senckenberg Research Institute and Nature Museum) Aramayo Bejarano, José Luis (Universidad Autónoma Gabriel René Moreno) Condori Callisaya, Yannet (Universidad Autónoma Gabriel René Moreno) Aramayo Ledezma, Gabriel (Universidad Autónoma Gabriel René Moreno) Beukes, Maya (Senckenberg Research Institute and Nature Museum) Blumer, Moritz (Senckenberg Research Institute and Nature Museum) Weiß, Merlin (Van Hall Larenstein University of Applied Sciences) Panthera-Onca; Camera-Traps; Chiquitano Region; National-Park; Density; Population; Ecology; Mammals; Deforestation; Connectivity application/pdf eng doi:10.1017/S0030605322001570 https://phaidra.vetmeduni.ac.at/o:2990 Cambridge University Press CC BY 4.0 International http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Habitat destruction threatens jaguars in a mixed land-use region of eastern Bolivia Oryx 58(1), 110-120 (2023) Large carnivores such as the jaguar Panthera onca are particularly susceptible to population decline and local extinction as a result of habitat loss. Here we report on the long-term monitoring of a local jaguar population in a mixed land-use area in the eastern lowlands of Bolivia from March 2017 to December 2019. We recorded 15 jaguar individuals and four reproduction events (five offspring from three females), suggesting that our study area harbours a resident breeding population. Seven iterations of spatially explicit capture-recapture models provided density estimates of 1.32-3.57 jaguars per 100 km(2). Jaguar capture rates were highest in forested areas, with few to no jaguar captures in pastures used for livestock. Massive deforestation after the survey period reduced the proportion of dense forest cover by 33%, shrinking the availability of suitable jaguar habitat and placing the resident jaguar population at risk. We use the jaguar as an indicator species to highlight the threat of habitat destruction in the Chiquitano region and we emphasize the importance of intact forest patches for jaguar conservation.