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<lom:identifier>
  
<lom:catalog>DOI</lom:catalog>

  
<lom:entry>
  
<lom:langstring xml:lang="x-none">10.3390/ani14060836</lom:langstring>

  
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</lom:identifier>

  
<lom:title>
  
<lom:langstring xml:lang="en">The Relation between Milk Lactose Concentration and the Rumination, Feeding, and Locomotion Behavior of Early-Lactation Dairy Cows</lom:langstring>

  
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<lom:description>
  
<lom:langstring xml:lang="en">This study hypothesizes that higher in-line milk lactose concentrations are indicative of enhanced dairy cow behaviors-including increased rumination, feeding, and locomotion activities-reflecting superior overall health and well-being. It posits that fluctuations in milk lactose levels have a substantial impact on the physiological and behavioral responses of dairy cows, thereby affecting their milk yields and compositions. Each cow&#39;s milk lactose, fat, protein, and fat-to-protein ratio were continuously monitored using the BROLIS HerdLine in-line milk analyzer (Brolis Sensor Technology, Vilnius, Lithuania). The RumiWatch noseband sensor (RWS; ITIN + HOCH GmbH, Fütterungstechnik, Liestal, Switzerland) was employed to measure the biomarkers of the rumination, feeding, and locomotion behavior. The measurements were recorded over 5 days at the same time (during morning milking). A total of 502 cows were examined. During these 5 days, 2510 measurements were taken. Based on the lactose content in their milk, the cows were divided into two categories: the first group consisted of cows with milk lactose levels below 4.70%, while the second group included cows with milk lactose levels of 4.70% or higher. Our study showed that cows with higher milk lactose concentrations (≥4.70%) produced significantly more milk (16.14% increase) but had a lower milk protein concentration (5.05% decrease) compared to cows with lower lactose levels. These cows also exhibited changes in rumination and feeding behaviors, as recorded by the RWS: there was an increase in the mastication and rumination behaviors, evidenced by a 14.09% rise in other chews and a 13.84% increase in rumination chews, along with a 16.70% boost in bolus activity. However, there was a notable 16.18% reduction in their physical activity, as measured by the change in time spent walking.</lom:langstring>

  
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<lom:language>eng</lom:language>

  
<lom:keyword>
  
<lom:langstring xml:lang="en">Body Condition Score; Production Traits; Pressure Sensor; Glucose; System; Yield; Associations; Validation; Indicators; Weight</lom:langstring>

  
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<lom:datetime>2024-05-14T07:39:49.288Z</lom:datetime>

  
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<lom:vcard>BEGIN:VCARD
VERSION:3.0
N:Antanaitis;Ramūnas;
FN:Ramūnas Antanaitis
X-ORCID:https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9993-2224
END:VCARD</lom:vcard>

  
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<lom:centity>
  
<lom:vcard>BEGIN:VCARD
VERSION:3.0
N:Baumgartner;Walter;
FN:Walter Baumgartner
X-ORCID:https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7366-7242
END:VCARD</lom:vcard>

  
</lom:centity>

  
<lom:centity>
  
<lom:vcard>BEGIN:VCARD
VERSION:3.0
N:Tolkačiovaitė;Kotryna;
FN:Kotryna Tolkačiovaitė
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<lom:vcard>BEGIN:VCARD
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N:Arlauskaitė;Samanta;
FN:Samanta Arlauskaitė
END:VCARD</lom:vcard>

  
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<lom:centity>
  
<lom:vcard>BEGIN:VCARD
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N:Girdauskaitė;Akvilė;
FN:Akvilė Girdauskaitė
END:VCARD</lom:vcard>

  
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<lom:vcard>BEGIN:VCARD
VERSION:3.0
N:Džermeikaitė;Karina;
FN:Karina Džermeikaitė
X-ORCID:https://orcid.org/0009-0005-5343-6590
END:VCARD</lom:vcard>

  
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<lom:centity>
  
<lom:vcard>BEGIN:VCARD
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N:Krištolaitytė;Justina;
FN:Justina Krištolaitytė
END:VCARD</lom:vcard>

  
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