2024 article Folkertsma, Remco (University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna / University of Potsdam) Eccard, Jana A. (University of Potsdam) Charbonnel, Nathalie (University of Montpellier) Henttonen, Heikki (Natural Resources Institute Finland) Hofreiter, Michael (University of Potsdam) Sándor, Attila D. (University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest / University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca) Plantard, Olivier (Bioepar) Paijmans, Johanna L. A. (University of Potsdam / University of Cambridge) Manzo, Emiliano (Fondazione Ethoikos) Kotlík, Petr (Czech Academy of Sciences) Huitu, Otso (Natural Resources Institute Finland) Heroldová, Marta (University in Brno) Catalytically Inactive Protein; Brown Adipose-Tissue; Local Adaptation; Arabidopsis-Thaliana; Myodes-Glareolus; Clethrionomys-Glareolus; Population-Genetics; Landscape Features; Puumala-Hantavirus; Adaptive Evolution application/pdf eng doi:10.1002/ece3.10886 https://phaidra.vetmeduni.ac.at/o:2952 Wiley CC BY 4.0 International http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Genomic signatures of climate adaptation in bank voles Ecology and Evolution 14(3) (2024) Evidence for divergent selection and adaptive variation across the landscape can provide insight into a species' ability to adapt to different environments. However, despite recent advances in genomics, it remains difficult to detect the footprints of climate-mediated selection in natural populations. Here, we analysed ddRAD sequencing data (21,892 SNPs) in conjunction with geographic climate variation to search for signatures of adaptive differentiation in twelve populations of the bank vole (Clethrionomys glareolus) distributed across Europe. To identify the loci subject to selection associated with climate variation, we applied multiple genotype-environment association methods, two univariate and one multivariate, and controlled for the effect of population structure. In total, we identified 213 candidate loci for adaptation, 74 of which were located within genes. In particular, we identified signatures of selection in candidate genes with functions related to lipid metabolism and the immune system. Using the results of redundancy analysis, we demonstrated that population history and climate have joint effects on the genetic variation in the pan-European metapopulation. Furthermore, by examining only candidate loci, we found that annual mean temperature is an important factor shaping adaptive genetic variation in the bank vole. By combining landscape genomic approaches, our study sheds light on genome-wide adaptive differentiation and the spatial distribution of variants underlying adaptive variation influenced by local climate in bank voles.