o:2940 Fusarium sporotrichioides Produces Two HT-2-α-Glucosides on Rice en Fusarium is a genus that mostly consists of plant pathogenic fungi which are able to produce a broad range of toxic secondary metabolites. In this study, we focus on a type A trichothecene-producing isolate (15-39) of Fusarium sporotrichioides from Lower Austria. We assessed the secondary metabolite profile and optimized the toxin production conditions on autoclaved rice and found that in addition to large amounts of T-2 and HT-2 toxins, this strain was able to produce HT-2-glucoside. The optimal conditions for the production of T-2 toxin, HT-2 toxin, and HT-2-glucoside on autoclaved rice were incubation at 12 °C under constant light for four weeks, darkness at 30 °C for two weeks, and constant light for three weeks at 20 °C, respectively. The HT-2-glucoside was purified, and the structure elucidation by NMR revealed a mixture of two alpha-glucosides, presumably HT-2-3-O-alpha-glucoside and HT-2-4-O-alpha-glucoside. The efforts to separate the two compounds by HPLC were unsuccessful. No hydrolysis was observed with two the alpha-glucosidases or with human salivary amylase and Saccharomyces cerevisiae maltase. We propose that the two HT-2-alpha-glucosides are not formed by a glucosyltransferase as they are in plants, but by a trans-glycosylating alpha-glucosidase expressed by the fungus on the starch-containing rice medium. T-2 Toxin; Ht-2 Toxin; Mycotoxins; Glucosyltransferase; Trichothecenes; Glucosylation; Glucosides; Expansion; Family 1552099 10.3390/toxins16020099 2024-05-03T07:52:25.883Z 44 yes 46 Thomas Svoboda University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna 0000-0003-0502-301X Roman Labuda University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna / Research Platform Bioactive Microbial Metabolites person 0000-0003-0761-178X Michael Sulyok University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna person 0000-0002-3302-0732 Rudolf Krska University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna / Austrian Competence Centre for Feed and Food Quality, Safety and Innovation person 0000-0001-6843-9755 Markus Bacher University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna / University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna person 0000-0002-4307-4849 Franz Berthiller University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna person 0000-0001-5883-2879 Gerhard Adam University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna person 0000-0002-3008-3797 application/pdf 1108981 https://phaidra.vetmeduni.ac.at/o:2940 no yes 16 70 1552253 Toxins 13 16 2 MDPI 2024