<oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
  <dc:publisher>MDPI</dc:publisher>
  <dc:rights>CC BY 4.0 International</dc:rights>
  <dc:rights>http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</dc:rights>
  <dc:title xml:lang="eng">Fusarium sporotrichioides Produces Two HT-2-α-Glucosides on Rice</dc:title>
  <dc:source>Toxins 16(2) (2024)</dc:source>
  <dc:description xml:lang="eng">Fusarium is a genus that mostly consists of plant pathogenic fungi which are able to produce a broad range of toxic secondary metabolites. In this study, we focus on a type A trichothecene-producing isolate (15-39) of Fusarium sporotrichioides from Lower Austria. We assessed the secondary metabolite profile and optimized the toxin production conditions on autoclaved rice and found that in addition to large amounts of T-2 and HT-2 toxins, this strain was able to produce HT-2-glucoside. The optimal conditions for the production of T-2 toxin, HT-2 toxin, and HT-2-glucoside on autoclaved rice were incubation at 12 °C under constant light for four weeks, darkness at 30 °C for two weeks, and constant light for three weeks at 20 °C, respectively. The HT-2-glucoside was purified, and the structure elucidation by NMR revealed a mixture of two alpha-glucosides, presumably HT-2-3-O-alpha-glucoside and HT-2-4-O-alpha-glucoside. The efforts to separate the two compounds by HPLC were unsuccessful. No hydrolysis was observed with two the alpha-glucosidases or with human salivary amylase and Saccharomyces cerevisiae maltase. We propose that the two HT-2-alpha-glucosides are not formed by a glucosyltransferase as they are in plants, but by a trans-glycosylating alpha-glucosidase expressed by the fungus on the starch-containing rice medium.</dc:description>
  <dc:date>2024</dc:date>
  <dc:subject xml:lang="eng">T-2 Toxin; Ht-2 Toxin; Mycotoxins; Glucosyltransferase; Trichothecenes; Glucosylation; Glucosides; Expansion; Family</dc:subject>
  <dc:creator>Svoboda, Thomas (University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna)</dc:creator>
  <dc:creator>Adam, Gerhard (University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna)</dc:creator>
  <dc:creator>Berthiller, Franz (University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna)</dc:creator>
  <dc:creator>Bacher, Markus (University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna / University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna)</dc:creator>
  <dc:creator>Krska, Rudolf (University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna / Austrian Competence Centre for Feed and Food Quality, Safety and Innovation)</dc:creator>
  <dc:creator>Labuda, Roman (University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna / Research Platform Bioactive Microbial Metabolites)</dc:creator>
  <dc:creator>Sulyok, Michael (University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna)</dc:creator>
  <dc:type xml:lang="eng">article</dc:type>
  <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
  <dc:identifier>doi:10.3390/toxins16020099</dc:identifier>
  <dc:identifier>https://phaidra.vetmeduni.ac.at/o:2940</dc:identifier>
  <dc:language>eng</dc:language>
</oai_dc:dc>