o:2682 Signals of Pig Ancestry in Wild Boar, Sus scrofa, from Eastern Austria: Current Hybridisation or Incomplete Gene Pool Differentiation and Historical Introgressions? en In wild boar, Sus scrofa, from Europe, domestic pig-typical ancestry is traced at varying levels. We hypothesised wild boar with pig-typical gene pool characteristics, i.e., "introgression", congregate more in peri-urban habitats, because of less shyness and better adaptation to anthropogenic stress. We used 16 microsatellites to study introgression levels of 375 wild boar from peri-urban Vienna, Austria, and rural regions in comparison to commercial slaughter pigs, Mangaliza, and Turopolje pigs. We also expected more introgression in locations of warmer climates and lower precipitation. Despite discrimination of wild boar and pigs with 99.73% and 97.87% probability, respectively, all wild boars exhibited pig-typical gene pool characteristics, mostly at a very low level. Recent hybridisation was suspected in only 0.53% of wild boar, corresponding to the current largely indoor pig breeding/rearing in the region, with no chance of natural gene exchange between pigs and wild boar. Rather, pig ancestry in wild boar stems from incomplete gene pool differentiation during domestication and/or historical introgressions, when free-ranging pig farming was common. Individual introgression levels were lower in wild boar from peri-urban habitats, possibly reflecting the largely historical absence of pig farms there. Moreover, a marginal precipitation effect, but no temperature effect on introgression was observed. The latter, however, needs to be explored further by a more comprehensive data set. Population; Relatedness; Inference; Software 1552099 10.3390/d15060790 2024-03-06T09:35:50.551Z 44 yes 46 Denise Böheim University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna Felix Knauer University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna person Milomir Stefanović University of Novi Sad person 0000-0001-6294-3782 Richard Zink University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna person 0000-0002-1286-6309 Anna Kübber-Heiss University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna person 0000-0001-6096-3835 Annika Posautz University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna person 0000-0003-4924-6733 Christoph Beiglböck University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna person Andrea Dressler University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna person Verena Strauss University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna person Helmut Dier University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna person Mihajla Djan University of Novi Sad person 0000-0002-2427-0676 Nevena Veličković University of Novi Sad person Chavdar Dinev Zhelev Southwestern State Forest Enterprise Blagoevgrad person Steve Smith University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna person 0000-0002-1318-0018 Franz Suchentrunk University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna person 0000-0001-9862-5591 application/pdf 1024170 https://phaidra.vetmeduni.ac.at/o:2682 no yes 16 70 1552253 Diversity 18 15 6 MDPI 2023