phaidra.vetmeduni.ac.at o:2402 DOI 10.1038/s42003-023-05014-7 Functionally analogous body- and animacy-responsive areas are present in the dog (Canis familiaris) and human occipito-temporal lobe Comparing the neural correlates of socio-cognitive skills across species provides insights into the evolution of the social brain and has revealed face- and body-sensitive regions in the primate temporal lobe. Although from a different lineage, dogs share convergent visuo-cognitive skills with humans and a temporal lobe which evolved independently in carnivorans. We investigated the neural correlates of face and body perception in dogs (N = 15) and humans (N = 40) using functional MRI. Combining univariate and multivariate analysis approaches, we found functionally analogous occipito-temporal regions involved in the perception of animate entities and bodies in both species and face-sensitive regions in humans. Though unpredicted, we also observed neural representations of faces compared to inanimate objects, and dog compared to human bodies in dog olfactory regions. These findings shed light on the evolutionary foundations of human and dog social cognition and the predominant role of the temporal lobe. eng Humans; Dogs; Animals; Brain Mapping; Pattern Recognition, Visual; Temporal Lobediagnostic imaging; Brain; Face 2023-12-01T09:17:20.880Z LOMv1.0 Author BEGIN:VCARD VERSION:3.0 N:Boch;Magdalena; FN:Magdalena Boch X-ORCID:https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3627-5180 END:VCARD BEGIN:VCARD VERSION:3.0 N:Lamm;Claus; FN:Claus Lamm X-ORCID:https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5422-0653 END:VCARD BEGIN:VCARD VERSION:3.0 N:Huber;Ludwig; FN:Ludwig Huber X-ORCID:https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0217-136X END:VCARD BEGIN:VCARD VERSION:3.0 N:Wagner;Isabella C.; FN:Isabella C. Wagner X-ORCID:https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4383-8204 END:VCARD BEGIN:VCARD VERSION:3.0 N:Karl;Sabrina; FN:Sabrina Karl X-ORCID:https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7619-728X END:VCARD https://w3id.org/kim/hcrt/scheme https://w3id.org/kim/hcrt/text Textdokument Text LOMv1.0 yes https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 application/pdf 885229 https://phaidra.vetmeduni.ac.at/o:2402 https://phaidra.vetmeduni.ac.at/api/object/o:2402/thumbnail LOMv1.0 discipline