Bozlak, Elif (University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna) Elif Bozlak Kunieda, Tetsuo (Okayama University) Tetsuo Kunieda Kalinkova, Liliya (All-Russian Research Institute for Horse Breeding) Liliya Kalinkova Kalashnikov, Valery V. (All-Russian Research Institute for Horse Breeding) Valery V. Kalashnikov da Câmara Machado, Artur (University of Azores) Artur da Câmara Machado Lopes, Maria Susana (University of Azores) Maria Susana Lopes Lopes, Maria Susana (University of Azores) Maria Susana Lopes Stefaniuk-Szmukier, Monika (National Research Institute of Animal Production) Monika Stefaniuk-Szmukier Ropka-Molik, Katarzyna (National Research Institute of Animal Production) Katarzyna Ropka-Molik Sukhbaatar, Boldbaatar (State Central Veterinary Laboratory of Mongolia) Boldbaatar Sukhbaatar Abdurasulov, Abdugani (Osh State University) Abdugani Abdurasulov Manglai, Dugarjaviin (Inner Mongolia Agricultural University) Dugarjaviin Manglai Juras, Rytis (Texas A&M University) Rytis Juras Han, Haige (Inner Mongolia Agricultural University) Haige Han Kostaras, Nikos (Amaltheia) Nikos Kostaras von Butler-Wemken, Ines (Barb Horse Breeding Organisation VFZB E. V.) Ines von Butler-Wemken Sadeghi, Raheleh (Cornell University) Raheleh Sadeghi Miller, Donald C. (Cornell University) Donald C. Miller Antczak, Douglas F. (Cornell University) Douglas F. Antczak Reissmann, Monika (Cornell University) Monika Reissmann Brockmann, Gudrun A. (Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin) Gudrun A. Brockmann Almarzook, Saria (Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin) Saria Almarzook Nozawa, Ken (Kyoto University) Ken Nozawa Wallner, Barbara (University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna) Barbara Wallner Dashnyam, Bumbein (Mongolian Academy of Sciences) Bumbein Dashnyam Paul, Ripon Chandra (Okayama University / Patuakhali Science and Technology University) Ripon Chandra Paul Zhunushov, Asankadyr (National Academy of Sciences of the Kyrgyz Republic) Asankadyr Zhunushov Bakhtin, Meirat (National Academy of Sciences of the Kyrgyz Republic) Meirat Bakhtin Kazymbet, Polat (JSC Astana Medical University) Polat Kazymbet Nishibori, Masahide (Hiroshima University) Masahide Nishibori Shah, Manoj Kumar (Agriculture and Forestry University Rampur) Manoj Kumar Shah Vu, Van Hai (Hue University) Van Hai Vu Van, Nguyen Huu (Hue University) Nguyen Huu Van Keonouchanh, Soukanh (Hue University) Soukanh Keonouchanh Orlando, Ludovic (Université Paul Sabatier) Ludovic Orlando Kounnavongsa, Bounthavone (National Agriculture and Forestry Research Institute (Lao) Resources) Bounthavone Kounnavongsa Moe, Hla Hla (University of Veterinary Science Yezin) Hla Hla Moe Moe, Kyaw Kyaw (University of Veterinary Science Yezin) Kyaw Kyaw Moe Okuda, Yu (Okayama University of Science) Yu Okuda Raudsepp, Terje (Texas A&M University) Terje Raudsepp Cothran, Gus (Texas A&M University) Gus Cothran Castaneda, Caitlin (Texas A&M University) Caitlin Castaneda Stalder, Gabrielle (University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna) Gabrielle Stalder Brem, Gottfried (University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna) Gottfried Brem Allen, Lucy (University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna) Lucy Allen Rosa, Laura Patterson (Sul Ross State University) Laura Patterson Rosa Rigler, Doris (University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna) Doris Rigler Radovic, Lara (University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna) Lara Radovic Remer, Viktoria (University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna) Viktoria Remer Brooks, Samantha (University of Florida) Samantha Brooks Lindgren, Gabriella (Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences / KU Leuven) Gabriella Lindgren Novoa-Bravo, Miguel (Genética Animal de Colombia SAS.) Miguel Novoa-Bravo Zaitev, Alexander M. (All-Russian Research Institute for Horse Breeding) Alexander M. Zaitev Nature Portfolio 2023 The Y chromosome carries information about the demography of paternal lineages, and thus, can prove invaluable for retracing both the evolutionary trajectory of wild animals and the breeding history of domesticates. In horses, the Y chromosome shows a limited, but highly informative, sequence diversity, supporting the increasing breeding influence of Oriental lineages during the last 1500 years. Here, we augment the primary horse Y-phylogeny, which is currently mainly based on modern horse breeds of economic interest, with haplotypes (HT) segregating in remote horse populations around the world. We analyze target enriched sequencing data of 5 Mb of the Y chromosome from 76 domestic males, together with 89 whole genome sequenced domestic males and five Przewalski's horses from previous studies. The resulting phylogeny comprises 153 HTs defined by 2966 variants and offers unprecedented resolution into the history of horse paternal lineages. It reveals the presence of a remarkable number of previously unknown haplogroups in Mongolian horses and insular populations. Phylogenetic placement of HTs retrieved from 163 archaeological specimens further indicates that most of the present-day Y-chromosomal variation evolved after the domestication process that started around 4200 years ago in the Western Eurasian steppes. Our comprehensive phylogeny significantly reduces ascertainment bias and constitutes a robust evolutionary framework for analyzing horse population dynamics and diversity. PDFDocument en 2023-11-29T09:02:52.932Z Male; Animals; Horsesgenetics; Phylogeny; Biological Evolution; Animals, Wildgenetics; Y Chromosomegenetics; Genome; Haplotypes; Genetic Variation; DNA, Mitochondrialgenetics 7067318 b application/pdf CC BY 4.0 International