phaidra.vetmeduni.ac.at o:2094 DOI 10.1016/j.waojou.2022.100668 Diagnosis and Rationale for Action against Cow's Milk Allergy (DRACMA) Guidelines update - III - Cow's milk allergens and mechanisms triggering immune activation The immunopathogenesis of cow's milk protein allergy (CMPA) is based on different mechanisms related to immune recognition of protein epitopes, which are affected by industrial processing.The purpose of this WAO DRACMA paper is to: (i) give a comprehensive overview of milk protein allergens, (ii) to review their immunogenicity and allergenicity in the context of industrial processing, and (iii) to review the milk-related immune mechanisms triggering IgE-mediated immediate type hypersensitivity reactions, mixed reactions and non-IgE mediated hypersensitivities.The main cow's milk allergens - α-lactalbumin, β-lactoglobulin, serum albumin, caseins, bovine serum albumins, and others - may determine allergic reactions through a range of mechanisms. All marketed milk and milk products have undergone industrial processing that involves heating, filtration, and defatting. Milk processing results in structural changes of immunomodulatory proteins, leads to a loss of lipophilic compounds in the matrix, and hence to a higher allergenicity of industrially processed milk products. Thereby, the tolerogenic capacity of raw farm milk, associated with the whey proteins α-lactalbumin and β-lactoglobulin and their lipophilic ligands, is lost.The spectrum of immunopathogenic mechanisms underlying cow's milk allergy (CMA) is wide. Unprocessed, fresh cow's milk, like human breast milk, contains various tolerogenic factors that are impaired by industrial processing. Further studies focusing on the immunological consequences of milk processing are warranted to understand on a molecular basis to what extent processing procedures make single milk compounds into allergens. eng Bovine Beta-Lactoglobulin; Alpha-Lactalbumin; Food Allergy; Protein; Anaphylaxis; Casein; Children; Receptor; Infants; Dermatitis 2023-09-08T12:43:19.229Z LOMv1.0 Author BEGIN:VCARD VERSION:3.0 N:Jensen;Sebastian A.; FN:Sebastian A. Jensen END:VCARD BEGIN:VCARD VERSION:3.0 N:WAO DRACMA guideline group;; FN:WAO DRACMA guideline group END:VCARD BEGIN:VCARD VERSION:3.0 N:Jensen-Jarolim;Erika; FN:Erika Jensen-Jarolim X-ORCID:https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4019-5765 END:VCARD BEGIN:VCARD VERSION:3.0 N:Venter;Carina; FN:Carina Venter END:VCARD BEGIN:VCARD VERSION:3.0 N:Assa'ad;Amal H.; FN:Amal H. Assa'ad END:VCARD BEGIN:VCARD VERSION:3.0 N:Takkinen;Kristiina; FN:Kristiina Takkinen END:VCARD BEGIN:VCARD VERSION:3.0 N:Roth-Walter;Franziska; FN:Franziska Roth-Walter X-ORCID:https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5005-9228 END:VCARD BEGIN:VCARD VERSION:3.0 N:Pranger;Christina L.; FN:Christina L. Pranger X-ORCID:https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4232-5730 END:VCARD BEGIN:VCARD VERSION:3.0 N:Passanisi;Stefano; FN:Stefano Passanisi END:VCARD BEGIN:VCARD VERSION:3.0 N:Pali-Schöll;Isabella; FN:Isabella Pali-Schöll END:VCARD BEGIN:VCARD VERSION:3.0 N:Nowak-Wegrzyn;Anna; FN:Anna Nowak-Wegrzyn END:VCARD BEGIN:VCARD VERSION:3.0 N:Jordakieva;Galateja; FN:Galateja Jordakieva END:VCARD BEGIN:VCARD VERSION:3.0 N:Baars;Ton; FN:Ton Baars END:VCARD BEGIN:VCARD VERSION:3.0 N:Fiocchi;Alessandro; FN:Alessandro Fiocchi END:VCARD https://w3id.org/kim/hcrt/scheme https://w3id.org/kim/hcrt/text Textdokument Text LOMv1.0 yes https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 application/pdf 547376 https://phaidra.vetmeduni.ac.at/o:2094 https://phaidra.vetmeduni.ac.at/api/object/o:2094/thumbnail LOMv1.0 discipline