
<ns0:uwmetadata xmlns:ns0="http://phaidra.univie.ac.at/XML/metadata/V1.0" xmlns:ns1="http://phaidra.univie.ac.at/XML/metadata/lom/V1.0" xmlns:ns10="http://phaidra.univie.ac.at/XML/metadata/provenience/V1.0" xmlns:ns11="http://phaidra.univie.ac.at/XML/metadata/provenience/V1.0/entity" xmlns:ns12="http://phaidra.univie.ac.at/XML/metadata/digitalbook/V1.0" xmlns:ns13="http://phaidra.univie.ac.at/XML/metadata/etheses/V1.0" xmlns:ns2="http://phaidra.univie.ac.at/XML/metadata/extended/V1.0" xmlns:ns3="http://phaidra.univie.ac.at/XML/metadata/lom/V1.0/entity" xmlns:ns4="http://phaidra.univie.ac.at/XML/metadata/lom/V1.0/requirement" xmlns:ns5="http://phaidra.univie.ac.at/XML/metadata/lom/V1.0/educational" xmlns:ns6="http://phaidra.univie.ac.at/XML/metadata/lom/V1.0/annotation" xmlns:ns7="http://phaidra.univie.ac.at/XML/metadata/lom/V1.0/classification" xmlns:ns8="http://phaidra.univie.ac.at/XML/metadata/lom/V1.0/organization" xmlns:ns9="http://phaidra.univie.ac.at/XML/metadata/histkult/V1.0">
  <ns1:general>
    <ns1:identifier>o:2091</ns1:identifier>
    <ns1:title language="en">Intra- and Interexaminer Measurement Variability Analysis of an Orthodontic Gauge Device to Determine Incisor Occlusal Surface Angles in the Horse</ns1:title>
    <ns1:language>en</ns1:language>
    <ns1:description language="en">Incisor malocclusions are common in horses. As yet, an evidence-based understanding of incisor occlusal surface angle dynamics and normocclusal range is missing. Orthodontic measuring devices could help unravel this information objectively but imply measurement validation. We evaluated intra- and interexaminer variability of repeated sagittal and transversal incisor occlusal surface angle measures using a commercial orthodontic gauge device (MaPHorse1). Five examiners (two experienced, three inexperienced) measured six cadaver heads on 2 consecutive days in a blinded block-randomization design, resulting in 16 measures per examiner*head. Sagittal and transversal angle measures revealed low intraexaminer variability at scale-level independent mean SDs of Î± 0.58Â° and Î± 0.69Â°, respectively. Sagittal angle measures associate with low interexaminer variability, showing small mean angle differences (max. Î± 0.51Â° Â± 0.35Â°), small scatter, and more consistent data reproducibility. Despite comparable mean interexaminer differences, the spread of transversal angle measures was relevantly higher using the proposed landmarks (average 2.2-fold higher interquartile range). The measurement performance of experienced and inexperienced examiners did not systematically differ. The time required for individual measurements was already comparable after 24/96 repetitions. This instrument may help deciphering sagittal angle normocclusal range and orthognathic dynamics and, with a proposed procedural amendment, transversal angle as well.</ns1:description>
    <ns1:keyword language="en">Beam Computed-Tomography; Landmark Identification; Equine Incisor; Reliability; Malocclusion; Disorders; Accuracy; Teeth</ns1:keyword>
    <ns2:identifiers>
      <ns2:resource>1552099</ns2:resource>
      <ns2:identifier>10.3390/vetsci9090481</ns2:identifier>
    </ns2:identifiers>
  </ns1:general>
  <ns1:lifecycle>
    <ns1:upload_date>2023-09-08T12:17:15.951Z</ns1:upload_date>
    <ns1:status>44</ns1:status>
    <ns2:peer_reviewed>yes</ns2:peer_reviewed>
    <ns1:contribute seq="0">
      <ns1:role>46</ns1:role>
      <ns1:entity seq="0">
        <ns3:firstname>Silvio</ns3:firstname>
        <ns3:lastname>Kau</ns3:lastname>
        <ns3:institution>University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna</ns3:institution>
        <ns3:orcid>0000-0001-9538-9976</ns3:orcid>
      </ns1:entity>
      <ns1:entity seq="5">
        <ns3:firstname>Katharina S.</ns3:firstname>
        <ns3:lastname>Motter</ns3:lastname>
        <ns3:institution>University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna</ns3:institution>
        <ns3:type>person</ns3:type>
      </ns1:entity>
      <ns1:entity seq="4">
        <ns3:firstname>Viktoria J.</ns3:firstname>
        <ns3:lastname>Moser</ns3:lastname>
        <ns3:institution>University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna</ns3:institution>
        <ns3:type>person</ns3:type>
      </ns1:entity>
      <ns1:entity seq="3">
        <ns3:firstname>JoÃ£o R.</ns3:firstname>
        <ns3:lastname>Kunz</ns3:lastname>
        <ns3:institution>Veterinary Clinic Gessertshausen Altano GmbH</ns3:institution>
        <ns3:type>person</ns3:type>
      </ns1:entity>
      <ns1:entity seq="2">
        <ns3:firstname>Matteo</ns3:firstname>
        <ns3:lastname>Pellachin</ns3:lastname>
        <ns3:institution>Private Equine Veterinary Dentist and Specialist on Equine Orthodontics Padova</ns3:institution>
        <ns3:type>person</ns3:type>
      </ns1:entity>
      <ns1:entity seq="1">
        <ns3:firstname>Bettina</ns3:firstname>
        <ns3:lastname>Hartl</ns3:lastname>
        <ns3:institution>University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna</ns3:institution>
        <ns3:type>person</ns3:type>
        <ns3:orcid>0000-0002-0259-1073</ns3:orcid>
      </ns1:entity>
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  <ns1:technical>
    <ns1:format>application/pdf</ns1:format>
    <ns1:size>879153</ns1:size>
    <ns1:location>https://phaidra.vetmeduni.ac.at/o:2091</ns1:location>
  </ns1:technical>
  <ns1:rights>
    <ns1:cost>no</ns1:cost>
    <ns1:copyright>yes</ns1:copyright>
    <ns1:license>16</ns1:license>
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    <ns1:purpose>70</ns1:purpose>
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    <ns8:hoschtyp>1552253</ns8:hoschtyp>
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  <ns12:digitalbook>
    <ns12:name_magazine language="en">Veterinary Sciences</ns12:name_magazine>
    <ns12:pagination>19</ns12:pagination>
    <ns12:volume>9</ns12:volume>
    <ns12:booklet>9</ns12:booklet>
    <ns12:publisher>MDPI</ns12:publisher>
    <ns12:releaseyear>2022</ns12:releaseyear>
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