phaidra.vetmeduni.ac.at o:2089 DOI 10.3390/ani12182339 Haemonchosis in Sheep and Goats, Control Strategies and Development of Vaccines against Haemonchus contortus The evolutionary success of parasitic worms causes significant economic losses and animal health problems, including in the small ruminant industry. The hematophagous nematode Haemonchus contortus is a common endoparasite that infects wild and domestic ruminants worldwide, especially in tropical and subtropical regions. To date, the most commonly applied control strategy is the administration of anthelminthic drugs. The main disadvantages of these chemicals are their ecotoxic effects, the necessary withdrawal period (especially important in dairy animals) and the increasing development of resistance. Vaccines offer an attractive alternative control strategy against Haemonchus infections. In previous years, several potential vaccine antigens prepared from H. contortus using the latest technologies have been assessed in clinical trials using different methods and strategies. This review highlights the current state of knowledge on anti-H. contortus vaccines (covering native, recombinant and DNA-based vaccines), including an evaluation, as well a discussion of the challenges and achievements in developing protective, efficient, and long-lasting vaccines to control H. contortus infection and haemonchosis in small ruminants. This paper also addresses novel developments tackling the challenge of glycosylation of putative candidates in recombinant form. eng Gastrointestinal Nematode Parasites; Induced Partial Protection; Intestinal Brush-Border; Antibody-Responses; Host-Specificity; Immune-Response; Vaccination; Lambs; Infection; Resistance 2023-09-08T12:13:03.144Z LOMv1.0 Author BEGIN:VCARD VERSION:3.0 N:Adduci;Isabella; FN:Isabella Adduci X-ORCID:https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9322-0130 END:VCARD BEGIN:VCARD VERSION:3.0 N:Yan;Shi; FN:Shi Yan X-ORCID:https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4949-9140 END:VCARD BEGIN:VCARD VERSION:3.0 N:Wittek;Thomas; FN:Thomas Wittek X-ORCID:https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6113-8458 END:VCARD BEGIN:VCARD VERSION:3.0 N:Joachim;Anja; FN:Anja Joachim X-ORCID:https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3082-6885 END:VCARD BEGIN:VCARD VERSION:3.0 N:Lichtmannsperger;Katharina; FN:Katharina Lichtmannsperger X-ORCID:https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5916-0610 END:VCARD BEGIN:VCARD VERSION:3.0 N:Hinney;Barbara; FN:Barbara Hinney X-ORCID:https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7757-1002 END:VCARD BEGIN:VCARD VERSION:3.0 N:Sajovitz;Floriana; FN:Floriana Sajovitz X-ORCID:https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5757-3200 END:VCARD https://w3id.org/kim/hcrt/scheme https://w3id.org/kim/hcrt/text Textdokument Text LOMv1.0 yes https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 application/pdf 531766 https://phaidra.vetmeduni.ac.at/o:2089 https://phaidra.vetmeduni.ac.at/api/object/o:2089/thumbnail LOMv1.0 discipline