WAO-ARIA consensus on chronic cough - Part III: Management strategies in primary and cough-specialty care. Updates inCOVID-19 CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ Elsevier Chronic cough management necessitates a clear integrated care pathway approach. Primary care physicians initially encounter the majority of chronic cough patients, yet their role in proper management can prove challenging due to limited access to advanced diagnostic testing. A multidisciplinary approach involving otolaryngologists and chest physicians, allergists, and gastroenterologists, among others, is central to the optimal diagnosis and treatment of conditions which underly or worsen cough. These include infectious and inflammatory, upper and lower airway pathologies, or gastro-esophageal reflux. Despite the wide armamentarium of ancillary testing conducted in cough multidisciplinary care, such management can improve cough but seldom resolves it completely. This can be due partly to the limited data on the role of tests (eg, spirometry, exhaled nitric oxide), as well as classical pharmacotherapy conducted in multidisciplinary specialties for chronic cough. Other important factors include presence of multiple concomitant cough trigger mechanisms and the central neuronal complexity of chronic cough. Subsequent management conducted by cough specialists aims at control of cough refractory to prior interventions and includes cough-specific behavioral counseling and pharmacotherapy with neuromodulators, among others. Preliminary data on the role of neuromodulators in a proof-of-concept manner are encouraging but lack strong evidence on efficacy and safety.The World Allergy Organization (WAO)/Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) Joint Committee on Chronic Cough reviewed the recent literature on management of chronic cough in primary, multidisciplinary, and cough-specialty care. Knowledge gaps in diagnostic testing, classical and neuromodulator pharmacotherapy, in addition to behavioral therapy of chronic cough were also analyzed.This third part of the WAO/ARIA consensus on chronic cough suggests a management algorithm of chronic cough in an integrated care pathway approach. Insights into the inherent limitations of multidisciplinary cough diagnostic testing, efficacy and safety of currently available antitussive pharmacotherapy, or the recently recognized behavioral therapy, can significantly improve the standards of care in patients with chronic cough. World Allergy Organization Journal 15(5) (2022) article Exhaled Nitric-Oxide; Clinical-Practice Guideline; Refractory Chronic Cough; Quality-Of-Life; Mucosal Eosinophilic Inflammation; Gastroesophageal-Reflux Disease; Airway Inflammation; Chest Guideline; Variant Asthma; Inhaled Corticosteroids Rouadi, Philip W. (Eye and Ear University Hospital Beirut / Dar Al Shifa Hospital) Martin, Bryan L. (Ohio State University) Chang, Yoon-Seok (Seoul National University) Levin, Michael (University of Cape Town) Chikhladze, Manana (Akaki Tsereteli State University) Tanno, Luciana K. (University of Montpellier / WHO Collaborating Centre on Scientific Classification Support) Wang, Lianglu Bernstein, Jonathan A. (University of Cincinnati) Sublett, James (University of Louisville) Wong, Gary W. K. (Chinese University of Hong Kong) Peden, David (University of North Carolina) Ansotegui, Ignacio J. (Hospital Quironsalud Bizkaia) Canonica, Giorgio Walter Juvelekian, Georges S. (Hôtel-Dieu de France) Klimek, Ludger (Center for Rhinology and Allergology) Gonzalez Diaz, Sandra N. (Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León) Maximiliano Gómez, René (Catholic University of Salta) Morais-Almeida, Mario (CUF Descobertas Hospital) Smith, Peter K (Griffith University) Scadding, Glenis K. (RNENT Hospital) Hellings, Peter W. (KU Leuven / University of Amsterdam / University Hospital Ghent / University Hospitals Leuven) Hadi, Usamah M. (American University of Beirut) Fiocchi, Alessandro (Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS) Zaitoun, Fares H. (LAU-RIZK Medical Center) Abou-Jaoude, Eliane (International Cough Institute) Bahna, Sami L. (Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center) Nsouli, Talal M. (International Cough Institute) Al-Nesf, Maryam Ali Y (Hamad Medical Corporation) Yañez, Anahi (INAER - Investigaciones en Alergia y Enfermedades Respiratorias) Al-Ahmad, Mona S. (Kuwait University) Idriss, Samar A. (Eye and Ear University Hospital Beirut / Edouard Herriot Hospital) Bousquet, Jean (Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin / Berlin Institute of Health / Université Montpellier) Laidlaw, Tanya M. (Harvard Medical School) Ebisawa, Motohiro (Sagamihara National Hospital) Azar, Cecilio R. (American University of Beirut Medical Center / Middle East Institute of Health / Clemenceau Medical Center ) Jensen-Jarolim, Erika (University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna / Medical University of Vienna) Lesslar, Olivia J. Ly. (LifeSpan Medicine) Ortego-Martell, Jose Antonio (Autonomous University of Hidalgo) Custovic, Adnan (Imperial College London) Caraballo, Luis (University of Cartagena) 2022 eng doi:10.1016/j.waojou.2022.100649 https://phaidra.vetmeduni.ac.at/o:1980 application/pdf