
<lom:lom xmlns:lom="https://oer-repo.uibk.ac.at/lom" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="https://oer-repo.uibk.ac.at/lom/latest https://w3id.org/oerbase/profiles/lomuibk/latest/schemas/lom-uibk.xsd">
  
<lom:general>
  
<lom:identifier>
  
<lom:catalog>phaidra.vetmeduni.ac.at</lom:catalog>

  
<lom:entry>
  
<lom:langstring xml:lang="x-none">o:1965</lom:langstring>

  
</lom:entry>

  
</lom:identifier>

  
<lom:identifier>
  
<lom:catalog>DOI</lom:catalog>

  
<lom:entry>
  
<lom:langstring xml:lang="x-none">10.3389/fimmu.2022.897223</lom:langstring>

  
</lom:entry>

  
</lom:identifier>

  
<lom:title>
  
<lom:langstring xml:lang="en">Assessment of the Safety and Efficacy of an Oral Probiotic-Based Vaccine Against Aspergillus Infection in Captive-Bred Humboldt Penguins (Spheniscus humboldti)</lom:langstring>

  
</lom:title>

  
<lom:description>
  
<lom:langstring xml:lang="en">Aspergillosis is a fungal infection caused mainly by Aspergillus fumigatus that often results in respiratory disease in birds. Aspergillosis is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in captive-bred penguin species. Currently, there is no registered vaccine to prevent aspergillosis. Recent research demonstrated that oral administration of gram-negative bacteria expressing high levels of galactose-α-1,3-galactose (α-Gal) modulates anti-α-Gal immunity and protects turkeys from clinical aspergillosis caused by experimental A. fumigatus infection. The role of anti-α-Gal immunity in penguins has not been studied. Here, we tested the distribution of α-1,3-galactosyltransferase (α1,3GT) genes in the fecal microbiome of Humboldt penguins (Spheniscus humboldti). The occurrence of natural anti-α-Gal antibodies (Abs) in sera and eggs of healthy Humboldt penguins was also assessed. A trial was then conducted to test whether oral administration of Escherichia coli Nissle, expressing high α-Gal levels, modulates anti-α-Gal immunity in a colony of Humboldt penguins. Animals in the vaccination and placebo groups were evaluated before the trial and followed for one year for aspergillosis detection using a diagnostic panel including computed tomography scans, capillary zone electrophoresis, 3-hydroxybutyrate levels, and anti-A. fumigatus Abs. Anti-α-Gal Abs were detected in sera (IgM and IgY) and eggs (IgY) of healthy penguins. Microbiota analysis and functional predictions revealed the presence of α1,3GT genes in the microbiota of Humboldt penguins and other penguin species. A strong decrease in anti-α-Gal IgM levels was observed in all animals in the placebo group three months after vaccination protocol. This decrease was not observed in E. coli Nissle-treated penguins. After the vaccination protocol, we found a positive correlation between anti-E. coli IgY and anti-α-Gal IgY in the E. coli Nissle group, suggesting a correlation between the presence of the bacteria and these Abs. During the study period, three penguins exhibited respiratory signs consistent with aspergillosis. Two were from the placebo group whose symptoms resolved with specific treatments, while a single vaccinated individual developed fatal respiratory aspergillosis eight months after the trial. We conclude that E. coli Nissle represents a safe potential probiotic with a protective effect against aspergillosis in Humboldt penguins that deserves to be further explored for therapeutic uses in these animals.</lom:langstring>

  
</lom:description>

  
<lom:language>eng</lom:language>

  
<lom:keyword>
  
<lom:langstring xml:lang="en">Plasma-Protein Electrophoresis; Alpha-Gal; Computed-Tomography; Respiratory System; Psittacine Birds; Pygoscelis-Papua; Immune-Response; Antibodies; Diagnosis; Demersus</lom:langstring>

  
</lom:keyword>

  
</lom:general>

  
<lom:lifecycle>
  
<lom:datetime>2023-08-09T14:02:26.514Z</lom:datetime>

  
<lom:contribute>
  
<lom:role>
  
<lom:source>
  
<lom:langstring xml:lang="x-none">LOMv1.0</lom:langstring>

  
</lom:source>

  
<lom:value>
  
<lom:langstring xml:lang="x-none">Author</lom:langstring>

  
</lom:value>

  
</lom:role>

  
<lom:centity>
  
<lom:vcard>BEGIN:VCARD
VERSION:3.0
N:Thorel;Milan;
FN:Milan Thorel
END:VCARD</lom:vcard>

  
</lom:centity>

  
<lom:centity>
  
<lom:vcard>BEGIN:VCARD
VERSION:3.0
N:Cabezas-Cruz;Alejandro;
FN:Alejandro Cabezas-Cruz
END:VCARD</lom:vcard>

  
</lom:centity>

  
<lom:centity>
  
<lom:vcard>BEGIN:VCARD
VERSION:3.0
N:Leclerc;Antoine;
FN:Antoine Leclerc
END:VCARD</lom:vcard>

  
</lom:centity>

  
<lom:centity>
  
<lom:vcard>BEGIN:VCARD
VERSION:3.0
N:Risco-Castillo;Veronica;
FN:Veronica Risco-Castillo
END:VCARD</lom:vcard>

  
</lom:centity>

  
<lom:centity>
  
<lom:vcard>BEGIN:VCARD
VERSION:3.0
N:Bermúdez-Humarán;Luis G;
FN:Luis G Bermúdez-Humarán
END:VCARD</lom:vcard>

  
</lom:centity>

  
<lom:centity>
  
<lom:vcard>BEGIN:VCARD
VERSION:3.0
N:de la Fuente;José;
FN:José de la Fuente
END:VCARD</lom:vcard>

  
</lom:centity>

  
<lom:centity>
  
<lom:vcard>BEGIN:VCARD
VERSION:3.0
N:Wu-Chuang;Alejandra;
FN:Alejandra Wu-Chuang
END:VCARD</lom:vcard>

  
</lom:centity>

  
<lom:centity>
  
<lom:vcard>BEGIN:VCARD
VERSION:3.0
N:Obregon;Dasiel;
FN:Dasiel Obregon
END:VCARD</lom:vcard>

  
</lom:centity>

  
<lom:centity>
  
<lom:vcard>BEGIN:VCARD
VERSION:3.0
N:Delaye;Jean-Baptiste;
FN:Jean-Baptiste Delaye
END:VCARD</lom:vcard>

  
</lom:centity>

  
<lom:centity>
  
<lom:vcard>BEGIN:VCARD
VERSION:3.0
N:Desoubeaux;Guillaume;
FN:Guillaume Desoubeaux
END:VCARD</lom:vcard>

  
</lom:centity>

  
<lom:centity>
  
<lom:vcard>BEGIN:VCARD
VERSION:3.0
N:Ruel;Yannick;
FN:Yannick Ruel
END:VCARD</lom:vcard>

  
</lom:centity>

  
<lom:centity>
  
<lom:vcard>BEGIN:VCARD
VERSION:3.0
N:Gaillot;Hugues;
FN:Hugues Gaillot
END:VCARD</lom:vcard>

  
</lom:centity>

  
<lom:centity>
  
<lom:vcard>BEGIN:VCARD
VERSION:3.0
N:Hodžić;Adnan;
FN:Adnan Hodžić
END:VCARD</lom:vcard>

  
</lom:centity>

  
<lom:centity>
  
<lom:vcard>BEGIN:VCARD
VERSION:3.0
N:Azzouni;Mouna Naila;
FN:Mouna Naila Azzouni
END:VCARD</lom:vcard>

  
</lom:centity>

  
<lom:centity>
  
<lom:vcard>BEGIN:VCARD
VERSION:3.0
N:Mateos-Hernandez;Lourdes;
FN:Lourdes Mateos-Hernandez
END:VCARD</lom:vcard>

  
</lom:centity>

  
<lom:centity>
  
<lom:vcard>BEGIN:VCARD
VERSION:3.0
N:Mulot;Baptiste;
FN:Baptiste Mulot
END:VCARD</lom:vcard>

  
</lom:centity>

  
</lom:contribute>

  
</lom:lifecycle>

  
<lom:educational>
  
<lom:learningresourcetype>
  
<lom:source>
  
<lom:langstring xml:lang="x-none">https://w3id.org/kim/hcrt/scheme</lom:langstring>

  
</lom:source>

  
<lom:id>https://w3id.org/kim/hcrt/text</lom:id>

  
<lom:entry>
  
<lom:langstring xml:lang="de">Textdokument</lom:langstring>

  
<lom:langstring xml:lang="en">Text</lom:langstring>

  
</lom:entry>

  
</lom:learningresourcetype>

  
</lom:educational>

  
<lom:rights>
  
<lom:copyrightandotherrestrictions>
  
<lom:source>
  
<lom:langstring xml:lang="x-none">LOMv1.0</lom:langstring>

  
</lom:source>

  
<lom:value>
  
<lom:langstring xml:lang="x-none">yes</lom:langstring>

  
</lom:value>

  
</lom:copyrightandotherrestrictions>

  
<lom:description>
  
<lom:langstring xml:lang="x-t-cc-url">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</lom:langstring>

  
</lom:description>

  
</lom:rights>

  
<lom:technical>
  
<lom:format>application/pdf</lom:format>

  
<lom:size>9208890</lom:size>

  
<lom:location>https://phaidra.vetmeduni.ac.at/o:1965</lom:location>

  
<lom:thumbnail>
  
<lom:url>https://phaidra.vetmeduni.ac.at/api/object/o:1965/thumbnail</lom:url>

  
</lom:thumbnail>

  
</lom:technical>

  
<lom:classification>
  
<lom:purpose>
  
<lom:source>
  
<lom:langstring xml:lang="x-none">LOMv1.0</lom:langstring>

  
</lom:source>

  
<lom:value>
  
<lom:langstring xml:lang="x-none">discipline</lom:langstring>

  
</lom:value>

  
</lom:purpose>

  
</lom:classification>

  
</lom:lom>