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<lom:catalog>DOI</lom:catalog>

  
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<lom:langstring xml:lang="x-none">10.3390/ani12091093</lom:langstring>

  
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<lom:title>
  
<lom:langstring xml:lang="en">Early Detection of Respiratory Diseases in Calves by Use of an Ear-Attached Accelerometer</lom:langstring>

  
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<lom:description>
  
<lom:langstring xml:lang="en">Accelerometers (ACL) can identify behavioral and activity changes in calves. In the present study, we examined the association between bovine respiratory disease (BRD) and behavioral changes detected by an ear-tag based ACL system in weaned dairy calves. Accelerometer data were analyzed from 7 d before to 1 d after clinical diagnosis of BRD. All calves in the study (n = 508) were checked daily by an adapted University of Wisconsin Calf Scoring System. Calves with a score ≥ 4 and fever for at least two consecutive days were categorized as diseased (DIS). The day of clinical diagnosis of BRD was defined as d 0. The data analysis showed a significant difference in high active times between DIS and healthy control calves (CON), with CON showing more high active times on every day, except d -3. Diseased calves showed significantly more inactive times on d -4, -2, and 0, as well as longer lying times on d -5, -2, and +1. These results indicate the potential of the ACL to detect BRD prior to a clinical diagnosis in group-housed calves. Furthermore, in this study, we described the &#39;normal&#39; behavior in 428 clinically healthy weaned dairy calves obtained by the ACL system.</lom:langstring>

  
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<lom:language>eng</lom:language>

  
<lom:keyword>
  
<lom:langstring xml:lang="en">Dairy Heifer Calves; Technical-Note Evaluation; Feeding-Behavior; Automated Detection; Early Indicators; Mortality; Cattle; Rumination; System; Health</lom:langstring>

  
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<lom:datetime>2023-08-01T09:30:34.324Z</lom:datetime>

  
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N:Ramezani Gardaloud;Nasrin;
FN:Nasrin Ramezani Gardaloud
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N:Klein-Jöbstl;Daniela;
FN:Daniela Klein-Jöbstl
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N:Drillich;Marc;
FN:Marc Drillich
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N:Iwersen;Michael;
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N:Auer;Wolfgang;
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N:Öhlschuster;Manfred;
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N:Kickinger;Florian;
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N:Steininger;Alexandra;
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N:Lidauer;Laura;
FN:Laura Lidauer
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N:Guse;Christian;
FN:Christian Guse
X-ORCID:https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0120-019X
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